不论地栽或设施栽培的花木,如果施肥不当,不但生长不良,还可能造成植株死亡。设施栽培时,尤应加以注意。现将在十种情况下不宜施肥的原因简介如下: 


一、新栽的植株不施新栽植的花木伤口较多,若受到外界的刺激,则不能易合,甚至引起烂根。 


二、开花期不施开花期施肥,很可能引起落蕾、落花或落果。 


三、阴雨天不施阴雨天空气湿度大,土壤含水量高,植物吸肥、保肥能力差。此时施肥肥料易流失,且易造成枝叶徒长,诱发病虫害。 


四、休眠期不施花卉在休眠期时停止或减缓生长,新陈代谢速度慢,光合作用能力差。若此时追施肥料,将打破休眠,引起植株继续生长。这样,就会消耗更多的养料而影响来年的开花。 


五、根蔸下不施随着花木的生长,其根系也相应扩展。若只在根蔸下施肥,反而不利于其充分吸收和利用。因此,应视植株的生长情况,穴施在距离根蔸一定距离的地方,以利于根系的吸收。 


六、浓肥不盆施盆花施肥,浓度不可过大或用量太多,否则会将植株体内的细胞液倒吸出来而造成枯死。一般应掌握“薄肥勤施”的原则,以三分肥七分水为最好。 


七、生肥不能施如果施用未经腐熟的肥料,不但容易发生多种虫害,往往还散发出臭气而影响卫生,污染环境。而且,遇水后生肥会发酵产生高温,伤害植株根系。 


八、氮肥不粗施花卉施肥,应氮、磷、钾配合使用,最好以饼肥、厩肥、骨粉、草木灰等农家肥为主。如经常粗施氮素化肥,则容易延长枝叶生长期,推迟开花或不开花,花小色淡,影响美观。 


九、病弱的植株不施病弱植株的枝条细弱,光合作用能力差,新陈代谢迟缓,“虚不受补”。如果随便施肥,极易造成肥害。 


十、入室前不施多数花卉入室后即进入休眠期,因此之前不宜施肥。否则会导致枝条组织过嫩,降低植株越冬抗寒、抗病虫害的能力。
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