The objectives of fire detection and inspection are to search for persons in distress, determine the types, concentration and diffusion range of toxic and hazardous substances, measure meteorological data such as wind direction and wind speed, identify possible dangers and various hazard sources that may cause explosion combustion, and the accident site and surrounding pollution. Situation and so on. The result of the investigation is an important basis for field commanders to make decisions. During the emergency rescue and disposal of various types of disaster accidents, on-site investigation and inspection plays a decisive role. At the same time, the investigation work has a certain degree of danger. At present, the status quo of emergency rescue detection and inspection in China's fire-fighting forces is: the lack of force of investigation and inspection, lack of knowledge of the principles of investigation and inspection; insufficient understanding of the object of investigation; most of the devices are imported at an expensive price. , Firefighting forces have insufficient equipment and use efficiency; there is a big gap between the training and actual use of the detection equipment; Imported inspection equipment supplies are difficult to supplement and the maintenance channels are poor, and after-sales maintenance, maintenance, calibration is not timely and the cost is high. It seriously affected the troops’ normal combat readiness, training and actual combat. Study the emergency rescue detection system that adapts to the actual situation of the current firefighting force, establish an emergency rescue investigation and inspection professional team, research and develop a comprehensive long-term training material and program for the detection technology and equipment, and research and develop a multi-functional detection and simulation training device It is of great significance to study the method of logistical support for equipment and equipment , and to improve the detection and inspection techniques of fire brigade officers and equipment, and to meet the actual requirements of the investigation and inspection work of fire brigade emergency rescue. 1 Research status of fire detection technology at home and abroad The fire detection technology covers a wide range of areas, systematically researches the relevant technical principles and analyzes the status quo at home and abroad, and points out the directions for China's scientific research on fire detection and equipment in the future. 1.1 Vital Signs Search Detection Detection Technology Life detection technology is a method of characterizing and detecting vital signals. Life signals include human movements, body movements, breathing, heartbeats, sounds, body heat, and the body's electrostatic fields. Life detection is the use of various methods and means to obtain these signals and perform analysis to determine the existence or absence of living organisms and their survival. In fire emergency rescue, it is mainly used for search and rescue of people in earthquakes, fires, and building debris. According to the different types of sensors, life detection technology can be divided into four kinds: radar life detection technology, optical life detection technology, sound wave vibration life detection technology, and infrared life detection technology. According to whether the sensor actively transmits waveforms, life detection technology can be divided into passive life detection and active life detection. Passive life detection is based on the difference between the body's radiation energy and background energy, or passive waves such as the respiratory and pulse waves emitted by the living body, such as optical life detection technology, acoustic wave vibration life detection technology, and infrared life detection technology. Active life detection is to actively emit some form of energy wave, according to the physiological characteristics of the body's breathing, heartbeat, pulse, etc., analysis of the reflection of the wave detection whether there is life, such as radar life detection technology, as shown in Figure 1. Although there are many types of life detection devices, their frameworks are composed of information collection, information transmission, information processing, and information display units, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 Radar life detector Figure 2 Life Detection Device Block Diagram At present, there is no standard specifically for life detector products in China. There are no uniform standards and management specifications for the development, production, testing, and network access of life detectors, which has greatly limited the serialization and sustainability of life detector products. The modernization of China has hindered the improvement of China’s equipment in the area of ​​emergency rescue. The research focuses on the standardization of life detector products. From the development stage, the product goes deep into every aspect of product production, testing, and licensing, and carries out pre-study on standardized and standardized management to provide the standardization of life detector products. Foundation and guidance. Through standardized research, the standardization management of life detectors will be finally achieved, the quality of life detection equipment products in China will be improved , and the equipment level of our country's emergency rescue equipment will be improved , providing safe, reliable and highly efficient technical equipment support for emergency rescue. 1.2 Determination of Poisonous and Harmful Substances Starting from the needs of anti-terrorism, anti-terrorism, and war on warfare, it is necessary to detect flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful gases in a timely and accurate manner, and we hope to be able to research and develop them with high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid response, and manufacturing processes. Simple, low-cost, intelligent and miniaturized sensor system. Therefore, how to select suitable sensors to achieve accurate and rapid detection of dangerous gases in order to cope with emergencies and ensure the safety of people's lives and property is of great significance. Gas detectors mainly consist of sensors and related circuits. The sensor is a key part of the entire detector and is one of the important factors that determine its reliability. At present, there are several kinds of gas detection technologies: electrochemical technology, catalytic combustion technology, chemical tape technology, solid metal oxide technology, infrared technology, and photoionization technology. Commonly used toxic, hazardous, combustible gas detection products, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 toxic, flammable gas detector The use of organic solvents as current-based electrochemical gas sensor electrolyte research is in the ascendant and has great application prospects. Therefore, for the detection technology and equipment, organic solvents can be used as current-based electrochemical gas sensor electrolyte research, in-depth research, development of new electrochemical combustible gas and toxic gas detector. At present, the electrochemical and catalytic combustion gas detectors used by the firefighting force are imported from abroad, resulting in a large number of precious and sophisticated gas detectors that become “disposable†products because they cannot be calibrated, maintained and replaced in time. It has caused great difficulties for the training and fighting of the troops and caused great waste. Therefore, the use of gas detector calibration and maintenance techniques and methods for firefighting forces as a research direction can solve the urgent needs of the military and have broad market prospects. In addition, solid metal oxide sensor technology still has many problems to be solved. For sensor components, including solid electrolytes and electrode materials, there is a need to establish more general selection rules, especially the need to further carry out basic research on the chemical and potential reactions of sensors. It is necessary to increase scientific research input and research and develop new solid metal oxide sensor type combustible gas and toxic gas detectors. The application of gas chromatography and photoionization technology and its corresponding products in China's fire protection industry is rare, and portable gas detection products based on gas chromatography and photoionization technology should be applied to the field of fire protection. 2 investigation and research on the status of fire detection equipment According to the objectives of fire detection and inspection, combined with the “Standards for Surveillance Equipment of Special Service Fire Stations†in the “Standard for Construction of Urban Fire Stationsâ€, the author investigated nearly 20 investigation and inspection technology research and development institutions, inspection and inspection equipment sales and service companies, and The Fire Corps, the Secret Service (Dalian) Team, and the Squadron analyzed the use of fire detection equipment. (1) The inspection equipment is imported and expensive. The inspection and inspection equipment provided by the fire brigade is rarely produced domestically, and most of them rely on imports. Mainly include: life detectors, fire thermal imaging cameras and other vital signs search detection detection equipment; toxic gas detectors, combustible gas detectors , wireless composite gas detectors, portable hazardous chemicals detection tablets and other toxic and hazardous substances Detection equipment; Military toxic agent inspection and detection instrument (see Figure 4), nuclear radiation detector, mobile biological rapid detection detector, etc.; electronic weather, water quality analyzer, leakage detector , electronic acid and alkali tester, temperature measurement Instruments, laser rangefinders and other field and surrounding environment (including meteorology) detection detection equipment; In addition, a handful of Special Service team equipped with portable Hapsite gas chromatography / mass spectrometer, GDA2 portable chemical warfare agent and industrial toxic and harmful gas detection system Nuclear biochemical detection vehicles. In terms of price, the price of a nuclear biochemical detection vehicle is close to 10 million yuan, portable Hapsite gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyzer is close to 4 million yuan, GDA2 portable chemical warfare agent and industrial toxic and harmful gas detection system is close to 2 million yuan, commonly used military agent detection Instrument, life Figure 4 Military gas detector (2) The equipment for investigating seizures is insufficient, unreasonable, and inefficient in use. After investigation, it was discovered that except for the special service squadron and brigade equipped with relatively comprehensive and advanced detection equipment, the general squadron is generally equipped only with toxic and flammable gas detectors and life detectors, and is used less frequently. The general chemical district or special service fire brigade needs to be equipped with a full range of detection equipment to deal with all kinds of disaster accidents. The ordinary squadron located in the center of the city is mainly oriented to residential areas and does not need large-scale deployment of detection equipment. However, after a fire accident occurs, burning will produce many toxic and hazardous substances. It is also necessary to carry out investigations on the fire environment to protect the safety of fire officers and soldiers and the surrounding people. At present, various social conflicts are complicated, and public security incidents, including all kinds of terrorist attacks, are extremely probable, especially in densely populated areas such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. In addition, many rescue sites where fire brigades are involved also suffer from poisonous and harmful substances. Therefore, it is recommended that the ordinary squadron be equipped with an appropriate number of detection equipment. (3) There is a big gap between the training and actual use of detection equipment. At present, the firefighting force's on-site detection methods are: the left hand uses a disposable lighter as a combustible gas source, and the right hand holds a flammable gas detector or a toxic gas detector from near to near the gas source to observe changes in the screen reading of the instrument. When the instrument alarms, the screen will display an alarm interface. As the gas concentration increases, the instrument screen will display a secondary alarm interface. The trainer will report the alarm value according to the interface display. The actual status of the above investigation and training is far from the actual combat. In the training, the combatants find it difficult to understand the ability of the human body to withstand the toxic and flammable gas environment and various disposal methods under various special circumstances. It is difficult to familiarize them with each other. The ability to respond to strains in a variety of environments can easily lead to panic in actual combat and reduce combat effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop technical equipment and methods for detection and simulation training. (4) The long period and high cost of after-sale maintenance and repair of the equipment for investigative inspection will affect the readiness and use of the troops. In addition to expensive prices, due to foreign technology confidentiality, imports of confiscated supplies for inspection equipment, difficulties in maintaining the channels, post-sales maintenance, repair, long-term adjustment and high costs, seriously affecting the troops' normal training, combat readiness and actual combat. The consumables must be supported by the original manufacturer, there is no substitute product in China, and the supply of consumables is often insufficient, and the foreign input cycle is long and the cost is high. The maintenance of the inspection equipment needs the technical personnel of the foreign manufacturers to go to the site for operation. Usually, the waiting time of more than 30 days is required. (5) The investigation work is highly professional and the relevant technical forces of the force are weak. In the emergency rescue and disposal of various types of disaster accidents, on-site investigation and inspection play a decisive role. The investigation and inspection work requires high technical requirements and professionalism. The military lacks the power of investigation and inspection technology and does not fully understand the basic principles of the investigation and inspection. The firefighting forces have insufficient knowledge of the physics and chemistry of the investigation object, which has a certain impact on the use of the detection equipment, and reduces the efficiency of the investigation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of the firefighting force's detection and detection techniques, strengthen the training of firefighting troops' use of investigative and inspection equipment, and implement actual combat training to increase the efficiency of the use of investigative and inspection equipment so that the investigation and inspection equipment can play a role in emergency rescue. 3 Suggestions and Countermeasures (1) Accelerate the research and development of various types of fire detection equipment with independent intellectual property rights. In light of the current situation where investigative equipment is imported and expensive, it is necessary to increase scientific research investment, research and develop various types of detection equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and get rid of the current situation of dependence on imports. (2) Accelerate the establishment of a professional team and organization for fire emergency rescue and detection. In response to problems in the investigation and inspection of firefighting forces, a firefighting investigation and procuration professional talent team composed of personnel from different professional backgrounds such as life sciences and bioengineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, and detection engineering was established. A comprehensive understanding and control of the currently equipped investigative equipment performance parameters and usage methods, preparation of relevant training materials, and in-depth systematic training of the firefighting forces to solve the difficulties in the combat of combatants. (3) Research and development of fire detection and simulation training equipment. In view of the current situation that the training and actual use of fire-fighting force inspection equipment is far from being widely used and the efficiency of use is low, research and development of fire detection and simulation training equipment is underway. On the premise of ensuring the safety of training, it simulates poisonous and harmful environments in various types of disaster accidents, enabling officers and soldiers to master the use of investigative devices in an environment similar to actual combat, and to understand the human body's ability to bear in poisonous and harmful environments. The fire detection and simulation training equipment needs to break through the physical simulation technology of the detection equipment, the electronic simulation technology of poisonous and harmful gas environment, and the interactive technology of detection and simulation training to fill the gap of the detection and simulation training equipment. 4 Conclusion The author investigated and analyzed the current problems in the deployment and use of firefighting equipment for investigating and detecting the firefighting forces. For example, the investigative equipment relied on imports, the price was high, and the consumables were difficult to replenish, the maintenance channels were poor, and the after-sales maintenance, maintenance, and adjustment cycle were long and costly. High; lack of reasonable detection equipment, use of low efficiency. In light of the research and analysis of the status quo of various types of detection technologies and the existing problems and problems in the deployment and use of fire detection equipment in China, efforts should be made to research and develop various types of detection equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and to speed up the establishment of fire emergency rescue and detection. Professional personnel and organization, preparation of inspection and inspection techniques and equipment training materials, and in-depth training of fire-fighting forces to conduct systematic training, development of detection and simulation training equipment to meet the actual needs of the troops. This data from the Ministry of Public Security Shanghai Fire Research Institute, author: Wang Junjun, Nguyen Zhen, Hong Ying Zheng, Wu Peiying. Freight Elevator,Cargo Lift Elevator,Cargo Elevator Lift,The Freight Elevator Homefriend&FUJI Elevator Co.,Ltd , https://www.jfujilift.com
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