Ball lenses are a completely spherical lenses most commonly used for improving signal coupling between fibers, emitters and detectors. Aside from fibre coupling applications, ball lenses are also used as objective lenses in endoscopy, laser measurement systems and bar-code scanning. Ball lenses are manufactured from a single substrate of glass and can focus or collimate light, depending upon the geometry of the input source.
Ball lenses are great optical components for improving signal coupling between
fibers, emitters, and detectors. They are also used in endoscopy, bar
code scanning, ball pre-forms for aspheric lenses, and sensor
applications. Ball lensesare
manufactured from a single substrate of glass and can focus or
collimate light, depending upon the geometry of the input source.
Half-ball lenses are also common and can be interchanged with full ball
lenses if the physical constraints of an application require a more
compact design.
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In terms of the size of the enterprise, the PMI of large enterprises was 52.4%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, and continued to be above the critical point, the highest point in 19 months; the medium-sized enterprise PMI was 50.2%, unchanged from the previous month, continuous 2 Months are above the critical point; small enterprises have a PMI of 48.3%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, and continue to be below the critical point, falling slightly for four consecutive months.
In November 2013, the five sub-indices that make up the manufacturing PMI fell by 2 liters.
The production index was 54.5%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, and rose for five consecutive months, the highest point since May 2012. The new order index was 52.3%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month. The survey shows that the new export order index reflecting the foreign trade situation of the manufacturing industry is 50.6%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, and is above the critical point for four consecutive months; the import index is 50.5%, up 0.5 percentage points from the previous month. The raw material inventory index was 47.8%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month and continued to be below the critical point. The employee index was 49.6%, up 0.4 percentage points from the previous month and rising to the highest point in 8 months. The supplier's delivery time index was 50.6%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month and continued to be above the critical point. The on-hand order index was 45.3%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month and below the critical point. The finished goods inventory index was 47.9%, up 2.3 percentage points from the previous month and below the critical point. The purchase volume index was 53.6%, up 0.9 percentage points from the previous month and above the critical point for four consecutive months. The purchase price index of major raw materials was 52.5%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month and falling for two consecutive months. The expected index of production and operation activities was 54.9%, down 2.6 percentage points from the previous month.
Yesterday, the National Bureau of Statistics released data showing that the China Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) was 51.4% in November 2013, unchanged from the previous month, the highest point since May 2012, and was above the critical point for 14 consecutive months. It shows that China's manufacturing industry continues to be stable and good.