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Even so, people must be soberly aware that the final "winning and losing" depends on whether the people sitting on either side of the negotiating table have enough chips to make the other party "fear." It should be noted that the EU's decision to impose anti-dumping duties on PV products in China is not like the general "self-digging graves" circulating in the market.
In fact, a paper-cut "city" deceitful anti-dumping preliminary ruling hit the soft underbelly of China's photovoltaic industry, the EU chess first move.
But at the same time, the reason why we reasonably and legally launch the wine "double-reverse" investigation can cause such a fierce reaction from the EU, especially France, also means that the trade volume of less than 1 billion US dollars this year has already It began to make the EU "chill".
Europe has a tendency to develop thin film photovoltaics
On May 27th, an article titled "European "Double-Reverse" Conspiracy: The Struggle of Thin Film, Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Technology Routes, has sparked heated discussions in the industry.
Based on the different focuses of solar power technology between China and Europe, this article reveals the little-known "conspiracy" behind the EU's "double opposition."
It is worthy of the idea that the current global solar photovoltaic technology mainly uses crystalline silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells as the two main lines. Among them, crystalline silicon solar cells include monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and thin film solar cells include amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide and the like.
At present, the current situation of China's photovoltaic industry is that the vast majority of enterprises are concentrated in the field of crystalline silicon (except for Hanergy and other companies mainly engaged in thin-film photovoltaics, but in Germany?
He has participated in the development of the German solar energy national development strategy. He was the director of the nano-device research office of the Heilholz Berlin Materials and Energy Research Center. He is now a special expert of the “Thousand Talents Program†of the Central Organization Department, and the Beijing Low Carbon Clean Energy Research Institute Solar Energy. Dr. Chen Wei, director of the center, said frankly, “In Germany, the total number of practitioners currently involved in the development and production of polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon solar cells is less than 200â€.
More critically, “a set of data can be found in the German Industrial Yearbook: over the past five years, more than 60% of the German government’s financial support has been for thin-film batteries, and more than 70% of research funding has focused on thin films. Photovoltaic. In addition, Chen Hao also told reporters, "All thin-film photovoltaic companies enjoy subsidies for electricity, but crystalline silicon companies do not enjoy it. The German government has restored efficiency to more than 11.6% since September 2011. Thin-film silicon solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide solar cells with an efficiency of 13.8% or more, and bank loan subsidies for cadmium telluride thin film solar cells with an efficiency of more than 15%.
As a result, the trend toward thin-film photovoltaics is evident in Germany, which has the most voice in the PV sector in the EU.
Chen Wei pointed out that the efficiency of thin-film battery modules has increased rapidly in the past five years. In the EU thin film battery industry has become a widely optimistic field, attracting a large amount of investment. The EU's “double-reverse†restrictions on crystalline silicon cells will undoubtedly lead to a larger market share of thin-film solar cells, thereby promoting and ensuring the growth of emerging thin-film solar cell technologies and ensuring Europe's leadership in the next-generation thin-film photovoltaic industry. status. This is the deep reason for the EU's "double opposition."
“The EU clearly stated in its PV development strategy for 2008-2030 that no technology will be a winner or loser forever. To this end, the EU supports and develops a wide range of options and technologies, rather than a limited set. “Chen Chen suggested that “national institutions should look at the dilemma of crystalline silicon solar cells and the opportunities for the development of thin-film photovoltaics from a strategic perspective. It is necessary to improve and adjust China's photovoltaic industry and related policies.â€
China's crystalline silicon technology is still subject to Europe
Even in the field of crystalline silicon cells, which the Chinese PV industry is concentrating on, the EU does not seem to have a chain reaction to China's “double-reverseâ€. At least, this time the European Union did not have the slightest "soft-hearted" intention when making a temporary tariff decision on PV products in China.
In Chen Yu’s opinion, there are two main reasons for this situation. First, the industrial chain of crystalline silicon cells cannot meet the highest environmental standards in the minds of Europeans. Second, the core technology of the crystalline silicon solar cell industry is still in the control. In the hands of the EU.
"In the core technology of crystal silicon production, such as the refining of high-purity single crystal silicon, large-area ultra-thin high-purity silicon wafer slicing technology, in fact, we have not been able to surpass Europe. So, there may be crystal silicon enterprises rebuttal, think that by reducing With the use of silicon materials, we can achieve more environmental protection and reduce costs. But in fact, China's existing photovoltaic technology can not produce large-area high-purity single crystal silicon wafers with thickness less than 100 microns." Chen Yu told reporters "Even if we can cut out high-purity monocrystalline silicon wafers below 100 microns, the corresponding solar cell production line upgrade will make these PV companies subject to Europe again. The final result will be the 'cucurbit' of the material cost. It has increased the investment in solar cell manufacturing equipment.
In addition, it is understood that in the field of crystalline silicon battery positive and negative silver paste (printed on the back of the solar cell to improve the performance of the battery sheet metal), a group of the world's top 500, the German family business Heraeus International giants still rely on technological advantages to monopolize the market. Regrettably, as of now, no domestic company can produce a positive slurry (one of the pastes applied to the front of the solar cell to collect current).
According to a 2010 report by the German Solar Energy Industry Association (BSW), although nearly 70% of its solar cells are imported, 80% of the added value remains in Europe. It can be seen from this report that the "double opposition" to China will not have a major negative impact on the core technology of the European crystalline silicon battery industry.
Wine "double anti-" has touched France
A noteworthy detail is that on the day the Chinese Ministry of Commerce officially announced a “double-reverse†investigation of EU wines, French President Hollande asked the EU to formulate a unified trade policy toward China. At that time, the media analysis said that Hollande’s statement highlighted the seriousness of the situation.
Then, how can a “wine†with an annual trade volume of less than 1 billion US dollars “touch†France, which has been strongly supporting the EU’s decision to impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese PV products? (The ups and downs of the photovoltaic industry have little impact on France, and it is seen in the industry. Come, France's support for the EU's "double opposition" is mainly due to its domestic, especially the anti-China forces in the socialist party.)
A French wine industry journalist revealed that “in France, Portuguese farmers are among the third largest group of farmers (the first group is farmers who grow wheat and the second largest group are dairy farmers), although they are quite popular. Social respect, but the economic aspect has not been very generous (of course, this is caused by a special cultural background, the Portuguese farmers are never blindly profitable.) In addition, in many agricultural fields, farmers can enjoy the corresponding government subsidies. Portuguese farmers can't."
“Know that nearly 20% of the annual output of these Portuguese farmers is exported to China (specifically those who grow and brew low-end wines). Therefore, China’s “double anti-sanction†sanctions will make these The poor-fledged Portuguese farmers are more economically struggling, and this will obviously provoke the French people’s feelings of sympathy and weakness, and exert pressure on the government through various channels,†the person told reporters.
In fact, on June 19, according to relevant sources, at the “2013 Wine and Spirits Exhibition†held in Bordeaux, France from June 16th to 20th, there were wine merchants from France who said that China’s “double anti- "The old-fashioned wine market will be relapsed into chaos. Some large traders are opening companies in Hong Kong and trying to smuggle old businesses. At the same time, they have begun to “press†the French government and the European Union, hoping that they will make concessions to China in the photovoltaic dispute to protect the interests of the poor Portuguese farmers.
Abstract At the regular press conference of the Ministry of Commerce held on June 18, Shen Danyang, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, said that China and the EU had initially agreed to hold the 27th China-EU Economic and Trade Mixed Commission in Beijing on June 21. By then, the conference will study and resolve bilateral trade, including photovoltaic trade disputes...
At the regular press conference of the Ministry of Commerce held on June 18, Shen Danyang, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said that China and the EU had initially agreed to hold the 27th China-EU Mixed Economic and Trade Committee in Beijing on June 21. At that time, the meeting will study and solve problems in bilateral economic and trade cooperation, including photovoltaic trade disputes.