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The tax burden is closely related to the competitiveness of countries. Every year, the World Economic Forum (WEF) publishes the Global Competitiveness Index Report, which quantifies the competitiveness of countries by covering data in various fields, including education quality, inflation rate, and tax burden. In September this year, the World Economic Forum released the “2017-2018 Global Competitiveness Index Reportâ€, which evaluated the competitiveness of 137 economies from multiple dimensions. To measure the tax situation of a country, the World Economic Forum uses the World Bank's total tax rate data. The so-called "total tax rate" is the sum of five different taxes after considering "tax reduction", including corporate income tax, personal income tax, property tax, business tax and other small taxes. In this global tax burden competition, according to the World Bank “total tax rate†ranking, there are more than 20 countries with a total tax rate of more than 50%, and most countries with the lowest overall tax rate are in the Middle East. In the latest competitiveness rankings, 26 of the top 50 countries are European and American countries. The tax burden of developed countries is not the same According to the "2017-2018 Global Competitiveness Index Report", the countries with the lowest overall tax rate are mostly in the Middle East. For example, Middle East countries such as Qatar (11.3%), Kuwait (13%), Bahrain (13.5%), Saudi Arabia (15.7%) and the United Arab Emirates (15.9%) have overall tax rates below 16%. Some Central and Eastern European countries also have lower overall tax rates, such as Croatia (20.9%), Montenegro (22.2%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (22.6%) and Bulgaria (27%). In the traditional sense, the more affluent Western Europe includes Luxembourg with lower tax rates (20.8%), Denmark (25%), Ireland (26%), Switzerland (28.8%), Iceland (30.1%) and the United Kingdom (30.9). %), also includes Finland (38.1%) with higher actual tax rates, Norway (39.5%), Portugal (39.8%) and the Netherlands (40.4%). The overall tax rates in Germany (48.9%), Spain (49%) and Sweden (49.1%) are close to 50%, with more than 50% in the Czech Republic (50%), Greece (50.7%), Austria (51.6%) and Belgium ( 58.7%), Italy and France were as high as 62% and 62.8%. Among developed economies, the lowest overall tax rates are Singapore (19.1%) and Canada (21%). From the global competitiveness index obtained from the report, the comprehensive competitiveness index and the overall tax rate are not necessarily directly related. The two most obvious examples are that Germany and Sweden have high overall tax rates close to 50%, but with their unbeatable strong innovation and technological advantages, the comprehensive competitiveness index of the two countries remains at 5th and 7th. . The example of Asia is Japan, with a total tax rate of 48.9%, but competitiveness ranks 9th in the world. There are also many countries that are both low-tax countries and highly competitive economies, such as Singapore and Switzerland. Their global competitiveness ranks third and first, respectively, but the tax burden is at a low level. More often than not, some economies have higher global competitiveness even though their overall tax rates are high, such as Finland, Denmark and Norway, Belgium, Austria, France and Ireland Countries, as well as Middle Eastern countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. In addition, according to the OECD data, the nominal corporate income tax rate in some countries is obviously lower than the above-mentioned overall tax rate. For example, in Germany, the nominal corporate income tax rate is only 15.83%, and Sweden is only 22%, but their overall tax rate. Both are relatively high. Among the OECD countries, the highest rate of nominal corporate income tax is the United States (35%), followed by France (34.43%), Belgium (33%), Australia (30%), and the lowest is Switzerland ( 8.5%), Hungary (9%) and Ireland (12.5%). More than 20% of the tax burden in more than 20 countries According to the above report, there are more than 20 countries with a global total tax rate of more than 50%. Among them, Mexico's total tax rate is 52%, while Côte d'Ivoire is one of eight African countries with a total tax rate of more than 50%; in Europe, only four countries have a total tax rate of more than 50%, and Ukraine is one of them. In addition, Costa Rica is one of the few Central American countries with a total tax rate of over 50%. The reason for the higher tax rate is that in recent years the country has launched tax activism. India’s total tax rate is higher, exceeding 60%. Indian Finance Minister Jatley plans to cut the country’s corporate tax by 5 percentage points to 25% in four years. Venezuela, which pursues a high tax model, has a total tax rate of more than 60%. Under the leadership of former President Chavez, the country has significantly increased taxes on foreign oil companies. In addition, the total tax rate in Tunisia, Gambia, Chad, Nicaragua, Guinea, Brazil and other countries exceeds 60%. Mauritania’s total tax rate is even more than 70%, and the country that relies on agriculture imposes a withholding tax of 15% to prevent people from transferring income to non-residents. Countries competing to adjust corporate tax G20 (G20) pointed out in a report that since most developing countries have lower tax-based taxation standards than developed economies, corporate income tax accounts for a much larger proportion of total tax revenue than developed countries. . The high corporate income tax will reduce the return on investment and reduce investment. With the excessive consumption tax and value-added tax, the people's willingness to consume is often suppressed. Therefore, under the influence of comprehensive factors, the economic development of developing countries is difficult to be significant. improvement. According to TradingEcomonics, as of December 2016, the United Arab Emirates ranked first in corporate income tax rankings, at 55%. This is followed by Puerto Rico (39%), Suriname (36%) and Argentina (35%). More than 30% of the countries except Brazil, Venezuela and so on. In developed countries, corporate income tax in the United States, Belgium, and France is also above 30%. When the US Congress is about to pass a large-scale tax cut, countries are tightening their nerves. France called on EU finance ministers to discuss the impact of US tax reform on European and global financial stability. Among them, Luxembourg and Ireland are European countries that oppose the harsh tax system, and believe that high tax rates will affect Europe's competitiveness and economic growth. EU Economic Affairs Commissioner Pierre Moskovsky, who is in charge of taxation, said on the 5th that the EU will closely monitor the spillover effects of the US tax reform. "It is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of this." Clemens Fest, director of the German think tank Eve Economic Research Institute, has previously said that the US tax reform will promote Europe's exports to the US in the short term, which will benefit Europe, but it will also expose Europe to greater tax cuts. In France, the National Assembly passed the series of measures on taxation in the government's 2018 budget at the end of October. The most striking of these was the gradual cancellation of the residence tax of 80% of the families promised during the campaign of Mark Long. It is expected to be completely completed by 2020. When canceled, the tax can be reduced by 10.1 billion euros, and there is also a fixed tax of 30% on capital gains. The Italian government also approved a plan earlier this year to reduce corporate income tax in 2017; the Dutch government has repeatedly stressed the need to seriously consider corporate tax cuts and intends to pursue the abolition of special tax plans to attract large numbers of multinational companies. Although the British government refused to reduce the corporate income tax rate directly below 15%, it will continue to implement a phased tax cut, with a plan to reduce the corporate income tax rate to 17% by 2020; the Australian government is also keen to cut the current 30%. Corporate income tax rate; Japan has also joined the tax reduction, and plans to further reduce the corporate income tax rate in 2017; the most radical is Hungary, the government announced in November 2016 that it will reduce the corporate income tax rate to 9% in 2017. One of the most competitive countries in Europe with the lowest and global tax rates. In South America, Jaime Rodriguez, governor of Nuevo Leon, who is interested in running for the next Mexican president, also said that if the election wins successfully, tax cuts will also be implemented. Argentina, which is about to hold a presidential election next year, has also announced a tax cut plan in the near future. Among them, the corporate income tax plan has been reduced from 35% to 25%; electronic products have reduced the tax rate by 17%; the purchase tax rate for yachts, boats, high-end cars and motorcycles has increased from 10% to 20%.