Reprinted from: http://    In the electronic components market, we will generally be referred to with the circuit transistor element: an electronic circuit, and the circuit RC components only we call it: the passive crystal oscillator circuit is also classified into a passive computer . two types of crystal and the active crystal passive crystal element is not directional two pins, it is necessary to generate an oscillation signal by means of the clock circuit during operation, it itself can not oscillate; the active crystal has four pins , it is a complete oscillator, which in addition to quartz in vitro, as well as the transistors and RC element, larger than the average crystal active passive crystal.  Quartz crystal oscillator can be widely used in GPS navigation system, mobile communication system, industrial automatic control system, satellite missile measurement and control system, and various military electronic equipment and civil electronic products . The crystal oscillator is actually a quartz resonator with a certain lattice structure. when the constant voltage is applied, will form a very regular oscillations, is called the piezoelectric effect. some quartz crystal oscillator as the identification condition, a crystal frequency is a fixed value. then, when the crystal manufacturers in the production To avoid repeated frequencies , manufacturers must
In recent years, smart dimming glass has been widely used in home partitions, hotel bathroom partitions, office partitions and other scenarios. The glass itself has all the characteristics of safety glass, but also has the control of glass transparent or not privacy protection function. EC dimming glass has a slow response speed, which may be as long as several minutes. PDLC has very limited thermal insulation effect. Increasing the thermal insulation effect can add a layer of low-E glass, while SPD and EC technologies have good thermal insulation effect.Due to the relatively high operating voltage, the application scenarios are relatively limited due to the consideration of security risks, and are relatively rare in China. PDLC has two basic states: transparent and atomized. Even if glass atomized, a lot of light will pass through, that is, transparent but opaque. PDLC can also create transformable transparent or atomized graphic effects on glass, with good design and expansion properties. EC and SPD can continuously adjust the rate of light passing between transparent and colored states, but cannot design graphic effects.
Is there a limit to the frequency? How should we choose to buy quartz crystal resonators? When choosing a product, you should fully consider the achievable possibility . If you exceed this possible range , the cost will increase sharply or become impossible . When the frequency is close to the lower limit of the crystal box , you should communicate with the supplier . Quartz crystal oscillator can now be from 1MHZ to There is no problem with 125MHZ . The crystal oscillator 18.432M~64M is usually used in the electronic component market . The lower the quartz crystal frequency , the thicker the wafer; the higher the quartz crystal frequency , the thinner the wafer . The quartz crystal frequency is too high and too low. production difficulty, the difficulty of processing it will cause a little difficult, generally in the case of choice, selecting a crystal 8MHZ ~ 40MHZ, not only can get a good price, but also in the mass production will not be because of too much special crystal And affect the supply .
       In the electronic components industry, crystals can be divided into several types: quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators , quartz crystal filters, crystal sensors, crystal materials, and horns. And other series of products . Let's talk about quartz crystal , ceramic crystal series products . Quartz crystals are made of quartz crystal resonators alone , and tuning fork crystals are simply referred to as ' crystals ', based on 32.768K series , if quartz used, the crystal resonator of the semiconductor device and the RC components together, can form a quartz oscillator. the quartz crystal oscillator crystal and SMD crystal plug into two packages, generally installed in a metal box, metal box 2-4 bottom pins and at least four pins for connecting an external circuit and the quartz crystal oscillator is an oscillator of high precision and high stability, while being widely used in television, computer, remote control In various types of oscillating circuits such as mobile phones and communications , and in communication systems for frequency generators, for generating data clocks for data processing equipment and for providing reference signals for specific systems .
       The different load frequencies of the quartz crystal oscillator determine the oscillation frequency of the oscillator . The crystal oscillator with the same nominal frequency does not have the same load capacitance . Because the quartz crystal resonator has two resonant frequencies , one is the low load capacitance of the series resonant crystal. Crystal oscillator: The other is a high-loaded capacitor crystal oscillator with parallel oscillating vibration . Therefore , when the crystal oscillators with the same nominal frequency are interchanged, the load capacitance must be consistent . They should be interchanged according to professional guidance and cannot be exchanged . Otherwise, the electrical equipment will work. abnormal frequency accuracy and frequency stability: since the basic properties of ordinary quartz oscillator can meet the requirements of general electrical, for high-end equipment also need to have a certain frequency accuracy and frequency stability of the frequency precision from 10 ^ - order of (4). to 10 ^ (- 10) to which the order of the stability range is selected a suitable crystal ranging from ± 1 to ± 100ppm depending on the equipment required, such as mobile communications, network transmission, radar and other systems will need more. Highly demanding quartz crystal oscillator .
       Therefore, the quartz crystal resonator parameters determine the performance and quality of quartz crystal resonators. The nature and quality of the quartz crystal oscillator determines the performance of the merits of crystal, it is one of the key elements affecting the quality of digital electronics information industry high The demand for quartz crystal oscillators with high quality defects is very large . What are the technical specifications of quartz crystal oscillators , and the product packaging and oscillation modes? Usually said frequency index, i.e., the resonant frequency is given by the product specifications or a user contract, the resonant frequency is at a predetermined load capacitance.
      Different sizes of crystal boxes and vibrating mode resonators have different available frequency ranges . The smaller the general crystal box size, the higher the lowest frequency .
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