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Aluminum Air Battery - Working Principle
The chemical reaction of aluminum air battery is similar to that of zinc air battery. Aluminum air battery is made of high purity aluminum Al (containing 99.99% aluminum) as negative electrode, oxygen as positive electrode, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution as electrolyte. . Aluminum takes up oxygen in the air, produces a chemical reaction when the battery is discharged, and converts aluminum and oxygen into aluminum oxide. The development of aluminum air battery is very rapid, and its application on EV has achieved good results. It is a promising air battery. 
Aluminum Air Battery - Construction Features
In the single cell, aluminum (Al) is used as the negative electrode and oxygen is used as the positive electrode. On the two sides of the aluminum air battery, there are a pair of auxiliary air electrodes. As the positive electrode of the aluminum air battery, only aluminum and a small amount of water are consumed during operation.
Features of aluminum air battery:
Larger than energy
The theoretical specific energy of aluminum air battery can reach 8100Wh/kg. The actual specific energy of current aluminum air battery only reaches 350Wh/kg, but it is also 7-8 times of lead-acid battery, 5.8 times of nickel-hydrogen battery, and 2.3 of lithium battery. Times. After adopting the aluminum air battery, the vehicle can significantly improve the driving range. According to foreign information, the electric motor vehicle using aluminum air battery in California has a record of replacing the aluminum electrode with a driving range of 1600km.
light in mass
The traction energy-type lead-acid battery developed and developed in China has a total energy of 13.5 kWh and a total mass of 375 kg. The total energy of the same energy aluminum air battery is only 45kg, which is 12% of the quality of lead-acid batteries. As the quality of the battery is greatly reduced, the quality of the vehicle is also reduced, which can increase the load energy of the vehicle or extend the driving range.
Aluminum is not toxic and dangerous
Aluminum does not cause harm to the human body and can be recycled and recycled without polluting the environment. Aluminum is rich in raw materials and has a large-scale aluminum smelter with low production costs. The recycling and recycling of aluminum is convenient, and the recycling cost is also low. Moreover, the method of replacing the aluminum electrode can be used to solve the problem of slow charging of the aluminum air battery.
Although the aluminum air battery contains high specific energy, the specific power is low, the charging and discharging speed is relatively slow, the voltage is delayed, and the self-discharge rate is large. A thermal management system is needed to prevent overheating of the aluminum air battery during operation.
Aluminum Air Battery - Marine Battery
In 1991, China pioneered a new type of battery that uses aluminum-air-seawater as its energy source, called a marine battery. It is a non-polluting, long-lasting, stable and reliable power supply. The marine battery has completely changed the two power supply methods of the previous marine navigation lights: one is a disposable battery, such as a zinc-manganese battery, a zinc-silver battery, and a zinc-air (gas) battery. These batteries are bulky, low in power and high in price. The second is a secondary power supply that is charged after charging, such as lead storage batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and the like. This kind of battery should be charged regularly, with a large amount of work and high cost.
The marine battery is made of aluminum alloy as the negative electrode of the battery, the metal (Pt, Fe) mesh is the positive electrode, and the inexhaustible seawater is used as the electrolyte solution, which reacts with the dissolved oxygen in the seawater to generate electric energy. We know that seawater contains only 0.5% dissolved oxygen. To obtain this oxygen, scientists have made the positive electrode into a net-like structure of fishbowl to increase the surface area and absorb a small amount of dissolved oxygen in seawater.
The marine battery itself does not contain an electrolyte solution and a positive active material. When not placed in the ocean, the aluminum electrode is not oxidized in the air and can be stored for a long period of time. When used, the battery can be powered by putting it into sea water, and its energy is 20 to 50 times higher than that of the dry battery. The battery design life cycle can be as long as more than one year, avoiding the trouble of frequently swapping batteries. Even if it is replaced, it is just an aluminum plate. The size of the aluminum plate can be determined according to actual needs. Marine batteries are not afraid of pressure components, and can be used at any depth under the ocean. Marine batteries, using seawater as an electrolyte solution, are free of pollution and are energy newcomers to marine electrical facilities.
The aluminum air battery is an excellent battery with an actual specific energy of 300 to 400 Wh/kg and is very friendly to the environment.