It summarizes the development of foreign non-destructive cutting technology, the technical performance of major non-destructive cutting equipment abroad, the comparison of non-destructive cutting technology and traditional technology, and the application examples of non-destructive cutting technology in existing building renovation. 1 Overview With the continuous development of urban construction in China, more and more decoration and repair work of buildings, such as the renovation of old cities, the reinforcement of old buildings and the displacement of buildings, etc., due to the mechanization of this aspect of China The level is very low, most of this work is still based on manual work, especially the transformation and reinforcement of building components. At present, it is mainly used by manual work methods such as knocking, chiseling, boring and hole breaking. The hole-discharging process not only has high labor intensity, low work efficiency, slow construction progress, but also poor construction quality, which seriously restricts the technological progress of the existing domestic building reconstruction. At present, foreign developed countries generally adopt non-destructive cutting technology in the renovation of existing buildings, that is, a non-destructive enthalpy cutting technology produced by wall saw or chain saw system (using diamond saw blade or diamond chain). The technology was produced in Europe in the early 1980s, and it entered the Chinese market in the 1990s and was widely used in many key projects in China after 2002. For example, Germany, the United States, Sweden, Switzerland, etc. have developed a variety of equipment in the wall modification and reinforcement, including hydraulic wall saws, electric wall saws and diamond wire saws, etc., but the price is expensive, each device is more than 2080 Ten thousand yuan. The non-destructive cutting process using the above equipment has the following advantages compared with the conventional knocking, chiseling, boring and hole breaking methods: 1 technology leading: fast speed, high cutting efficiency, remote operation can realize underwater, dangerous area Cutting operation; 2 wide application range: diamond wire saw cutting is not limited by the size of the cutting object, can be cut in any direction; 3 advanced technology: straight cut, no subsequent process, little impact on the structure of the building; 4 environmental impact is small, No vibration, low noise, no dust pollution. 2 Foreign major non-destructive cutting equipment technical performance 2.1 Wall saw wall saw is mainly composed of diamond saw blade cutting system, guiding feed system, steering control system, cooling system and power drive system. At present, the diamond saw blades used in foreign advanced country wall saws have a diameter of 600 1600mm, power drive power from 332kW, maximum concrete depth to 730mm, mainly produced in Germany, the United States, Sweden, Switzerland and other countries. 2.2 Diamond sawing Diamond wire saw is mainly composed of cutting system, guiding tensioning system, steering control system, cutting feed system and power drive system. At present, the driving wheel diameter of foreign advanced country wire saw is 280500mm, the power drive power is 315kW, the cutting speed is 2027m/s, and the maximum cutting depth is not limited. It is mainly produced by Germany, USA, Sweden, Switzerland and other countries. Shown is a schematic diagram of a diamond wire saw, which consists of a sheave drive system, a wire saw guide system, a frame, a drive hydraulic power unit, and the like. In the sheave drive system, the drive sheave drives the sheave hydraulic motor through the hydraulic power unit, so that the rope chain saw is tensioned and reciprocated to cut the raft; the wire saw guide system can be the original of the stone rope, according to the size of the position to be cut. The structure is arbitrarily adjusted and fixed to the building structure with anchor bolts in advance. The guide wheels mounted on the frame can be rotated arbitrarily in the 360 ​​direction according to the cutting of different positions, so as to adjust the direction of the diamond saw rope. The guide wheel is fixed to the entire frame and the diamond saw rope is tensioned to complete its feeding action. 3 Non-destructive cutting process and traditional process comparison Non-destructive cutting process and traditional process comparison are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 whether it is from construction efficiency and speed, construction safety, structural impact, post-repair and environmental protection. Compared with noise, pollution, etc., the non-destructive cutting process has great advantages compared with the traditional process. Table 1 Non-destructive cutting process and traditional process comparison process Non-destructive cutting process Traditional knocking, chiseling, boring and hole breaking process Open hole drilling process Construction efficiency and speed Cutting speed is fast, 1 professional cutting machine is equivalent to 150 sets of drilling holes The construction speed is slow, and the construction speed of the sea is completely faster than the traditional knocking, chiseling, boring and hole breaking process, but it is far lower than the speed of the cutting machine. Construction safety After reasonable planning and perfect construction scheme combination, there is no safety hazardç ¼The debris splashes, the large pieces fall, and the personnel and the surrounding environment have great safety. The closed construction site cannot solve the drop of the large core of the drill core after the drill bit penetrates, and has safety hazards to the construction personnel and the surrounding environment. Affecting cutting is a non-destructive, vibration-free construction method. Without any damage to the structure, excessive knocking will cause direct damage and hidden damage to the structure, which will easily cause cracks and cause long-term damage to the building. There is no vibration damage in the structure, but the hole boring process generally requires post-leveling (knocking), and it will also cause 1 damage to the structure and late repair. Repair, direct forming requires steel stripping work and late leveling work requires a large amount of post-level work. Environmental protection, noise, less dust, low noise, large vibration, large noise, large dust, large noise, vibration and dust 4 Application examples of technology in the reconstruction of existing buildings. The application examples of non-destructive cutting technology in the reconstruction of existing buildings are shown in Fig. 1. 1 steel pipe structural beam cutting (turn down page 258) If a project is completed in three years, it will waste 32.8x365=35916 electricity. Imagine how many construction projects are in the whole country. Very amazing. From the perspective of power saving, the transformer should be powered off after work. As for the lighting and living electricity at the construction site, a transformer with a small capacity can be set up. One transformer for working electricity and construction electricity during working hours, switching after work. For a dedicated small transformer, the no-load loss is only 0.12 kW, compared to the loss of a small transformer. This method is also suitable for places with large changes in office buildings and holiday loads. 2.4 Electric welding equipment adopts no-load self-stop device to save electricity. In the construction electrical equipment, the electricity consumption of electric welding equipment accounts for a considerable proportion. The construction characteristics determine that in addition to some large-scale components, the welding is carried out, such as steel welding and ground welding. , steel pipe and pre-embedded iron welding, pipe bracket welding, etc. Due to the wide working surface, the workload is not concentrated, but the use of the welding machine is inseparable, the no-load running time of the welding equipment is too long, and the no-load loss can not be underestimated. Especially the no-load loss of many electric welding equipment is very amazing. Therefore, the electric welding equipment should adopt the no-load self-stop device to save electricity, and its power saving effect will be obvious. 2.5 Strengthening the operation and maintenance of the power supply system The wires and equipment with poor contact, severe heat or serious leakage of the electrical equipment are repaired, which not only ensures the safety of electricity consumption, but also reduces the consumption of electric energy. In addition, for the transmission facilities, strengthening its maintenance management, reducing friction, etc. can also directly reduce the loss of electrical energy. 2.6 Reasonable layout of construction site lighting According to the construction site environment and the characteristics of the lamps, select high-efficiency lamps, adjust the unreasonable lamp position in the operation area, change the general lighting to local lighting, and disable the incandescent of more than 100 watts in offices, conference rooms, staff quarters, etc. Lights; full use of natural light can effectively save energy. 2.7 Maintaining three-phase load balance The three-phase load imbalance not only affects the utilization of the power supply equipment, but also increases the line loss. Because the line loss is proportional to the square of the current, when one or two phases of current are large, The line loss must be much larger than the line loss caused by the three-phase balance. When the three phases are unbalanced, a reverse sequence magnetic field is generated on the stator of the motor. This reverse sequence magnetic field will generate a braking torque, so that the motor winding current increases, that is, the loss increases. There are many electric welding equipments in construction, and most of them are single-phase equipment. If the distribution is improper, it is easy to cause three-phase unbalance. Therefore, when laying the construction plane, care should be taken to evenly connect the electric equipment to the three-phase circuit to reduce the electric energy loss. 3 Conclusion Energy conservation and management of construction electricity, mainly the competent authorities should pay attention to, put forward requirements for construction electricity, the construction unit responded positively, and earnestly grasp the management and energy conservation of transformers and line-use electrical equipment. Power-saving measures are practical and can achieve immediate results. Reducing power loss is not only conducive to alleviating the contradiction of power shortage, but also an effective way to reduce production costs, improve voltage quality, improve economic efficiency and ensure safety. The competent departments and construction units should pay attention to this work. Mouth I1 Liu Jian, male (1973-), chief of engineering and safety management department, is mainly responsible for top construction management, safety technology management and other work. (Continued from page 243) As can be seen from the above, non-destructive cutting equipment is increasingly used in the renovation of existing buildings, whether it is wall saw or diamond wire saw, compared with traditional knocking, chiseling, boring and other processes. Has obvious advantages. Compared with other diamond tools, the diamond wire saw is a flexible tool that can be used not only for cutting straight plates, but also for cutting shaped plates; it is not limited by the surface shape of the object, the work site is simple, and large-area cutting can be performed; resource utilization can be improved. Reduce pollution to the environment. Due to these advantages, the market scale is getting larger and larger, and the application scope is wider and wider. The large-scale use of the performance diamond wire saw is very important for improving the utilization rate of building structural resources, reducing the cutting cost per unit area and protecting the ecological environment. Significance. mouth
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