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First, choose excellent varieties. Choose Cangshan Garlic and Jinxiang Garlic. These two varieties are excellent garlic varieties in Shandong Province and are also important export varieties. Each garlic has 7 to 8 petals, the outer skin is slightly purple-red, the skin is thin, the garlic is fat, the spicy taste is strong, and the quality is good. Strong growth, strong cold resistance, high convulsion rate, storage resistance, suitable for autumn planting.
Second, the appropriate sowing. Garlic must be sown in a timely manner, prematurely, the emergence rate is low, and it is prone to double-flowered garlic; too late, the growth period before winter is short, the seedlings are too small, susceptible to freezing damage, and affecting the yield and quality of garlic. In order to ensure that the number of leaves of garlic before wintering reaches 4 to 5 leaves, it is generally suitable for the sowing period in the central part of the province from late September to early October.
Third, land preparation and fertilization. Garlic has a wide adaptability to soil, and it can be used in sandy soil, loam and night tides, but it is better to use slightly acidic soil with abundant organic matter, deep soil layer and good drainage. Garlic is planted on such soils, the root system is developed, the green is early, the convulsions are early, the garlic is large, and the spicy flavor is strong, and the garlic is easy. Fine land preparation and application of organic fertilizer are of great significance for improving garlic yield and improving quality. The plots for planting garlic need to be deep-rooted to increase the permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the activities of soil microbes and the transformation of soil nutrients, which is conducive to the development of roots and the enlargement of bulbs. After harvesting, the crops should be ploughed and ploughed early, and the cultivated land should be 20 to 30 cm deep. Because it covers the mulch film, it is not suitable for top dressing during the growth of garlic. Therefore, before planting, the base fertilizer should be applied once in combination with the whole site, and 5000 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer, 80 kg of cake fertilizer and 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate.
Fourth, sowing the cover film. Choose a large head, garlic cloves large and neat, garlic cloves hard, white color and fresh garlic seed. Generally, garlic cloves weighing more than 400 grams, the local temperature is stable at 18 to 19 ° C, you can sow, so that when the winter is over, the garlic seedlings can reach 25 cm or more, which is conducive to safe wintering. The seeding requirement is about 15 cm, the plant spacing is 6-8 cm, and the ditch depth is 10 cm. The seed petals are placed in the ditch and kept upright. The density per acre is between 40,000 and 50,000, and then covered. Earth film. When covering the film, the film is required to be flat on the surface of the film without wrinkles. There is no gap under the film, so that the film is close to the surface, so as to avoid weeds when the garlic is more than 50%, and the film is broken with a sharp wire. The upper hole is drilled, and the diameter of the orifice is about 1 cm.
Fifth, field management. Immediately after sowing, the water should be poured once, and the second water should be poured after the seedlings are released. The antifreeze water is poured before the soil is frozen. Cover the straw curtain or corn stalk after a few days to prevent cold and drought, and ensure that the garlic seedlings are safe for winter. Before and after the "Spring Equinox", the ground cover should be removed in time and watered in a warm and sunny weather to promote the growth of garlic and early green. From the beginning of April to the end of April, according to the lyrics, the water is poured once, and the water is topdressed 2 to 3 times. The general application of urea is 15 kg, and the watering is stopped 3 to 4 days before the picking. After the garlic is harvested, the soil should be kept moist and the garlic should be quickly increased until the water is stopped 2 to 3 days before harvesting.
Sixth, pest control. When the garlic seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, use high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides such as beta-cypermethrin to control pests such as garlic, horses and garlic flies. In mid-March, pay attention to the prevention and control of garlic and garlic, and use the same medicine. Control wheat leaf blight with 50% more mold or 65% myristicin 1000 times solution.
Seven, timely harvest. In the central and southern parts of the province, under normal weather conditions, mulch garlic is harvested in mid-May. At this time, most of the leaves of the plant have dried up, and the pseudo-stalks become soft. It is the best time for harvesting. It can seize the favorable timing and higher market and sell fresh garlic in time. If the market is not good, it can be dried and sold in the wrong season. Dry garlic or produce garlic in winter.
Planting garlic with mulching film can increase the yield of garlic in advance of the time to market, and increase the yield by more than 10%. Below, introduce the cultivation points of autumn planted mulch garlic for reference by garlic farmers.
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