Corn cultivation technology and management method

  The cultivation method of corn must be understood by everyone. The corn can be spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is not a problem with the greenhouse. Generally speaking, there are more spring and autumn varieties of corn.

Next, Xiaobian will introduce you to the cultivation techniques and management methods of corn:

1. Selecting land, preparing land and applying enough base fertilizer

1. Site selection

Corn is a crop that likes fertile water, is warm, has a lot of oxygen, and is afraid of pickling. The acid, too sticky and thin soil will make corn grow badly. Therefore, it is better to choose the loam or sandy loam soil which is convenient for drainage and irrigation, easy to manage, and between PH6.5-7 and medium fertility.

2, soil preparation and application of base fertilizer

The whole good ground is the precondition for preserving the seedlings. After the selection of the ground, the deep ploughing and ploughing will be carried out. Generally, two ploughs and two hoes will be used, and the depth of the ploughing layer will be more than 30 cm to achieve the land preparation quality requirements of “leveling, soil fineness, copepod and high fat”.

Third, seed treatment and sowing

1, select the fine species

The suitable varieties for local production should be high-yield and stable, good quality, resistant to disease, and suitable for market demand and good sales. Generally, the amount of seed used per field is 1500-2000 grams per field.

2, seed treatment

Soak the seeds for 3-4 hours before sowing. Generally, soak them in warm water at 50-55 °C for 10-15 minutes, then immerse them for 6-8 hours after cooling, then rinse them with water for 1-2 times to sow.

3, sowing specifications

The planting density must be considered from various factors such as variety, sowing date, soil fertility and cultivation conditions. There are two types of corn plants: flat and compact. Flat-type varieties should be thinly planted, generally 3000-3500 plants per mu. Compact varieties should be densely planted, generally 4500-5500 plants per mu.

4, sowing

Due to the high temperature, corn is generally cultivated by live broadcast, and less seedling transplanting is used. The specific method is 畦 planting, the width is 120-140 cm (groove), the height is about 20 cm, and two rows of shallow grooves spaced 50-60 cm apart on the surface of the coffin, the treated seeds are doubled per point. The grain is planted in the ditch (according to the plant spacing), and the soil is covered by the side cover, and the soil is covered by 1 inch and is practical.

Fourth, the rule of fertilizer

Maize has the most demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The absorption of the three elements in the whole growth period is the most nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Therefore, the fertilization of corn is mainly based on the application of nitrogen fertilizer, combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the early stage. If the amount of fertilizer is insufficient, it should be mainly used in jointing and flowering.

V. Field management

1. Management of seedling stage

The corn seedling stage is the vegetative growth period formed by the rooting hairs and stems, nodes and leaves, and most of the roots are formed at this time. The main target of seedling management is to promote root development, cultivate strong seedlings, and achieve seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings, and lay a good foundation for fertility in the grain stage.

2. Management of the earing stage

The objectives of the field control at the ear stage are: attacking the stalk, attacking the ear, and strictly preventing the lack of water and fertilizer, so that the plants are neat, the stems are thick and short, the leaves are wide, the roots are thick, and the male and female ears are well developed.

(1) Water and fertilizer management: When 8-9 leaves are used, the second top dressing is applied, that is, the application of stalk fertilizer, this fertilizer amount accounts for about 25% of the total fertilization amount, and 10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre is added with potassium chloride. 7.5 kg, the fertilization method is applied. In the case of 14-15 leaves (large trumpet period), the third fertilization is carried out, that is, the attacking and panning fertilizer is applied. This time, the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 35% of the total fertilization amount, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per acre is added with potassium chloride. 10 kg, combined with large soil application. In areas with heavy rain, pay attention to ditch drainage. From the flare to the heading stage, it is the hazard period of corn borer damage. It should be sprayed with 500-800 times of trichlorfon or insecticidal double + Bt powder to prevent corn mash.

(2) cultivating soil: in order to prevent soil compaction, eliminate weeds, improve the growth function of roots, promote the multiple and deep stalks of roots, and carry out cultivating and cultivating soil according to soil and weed conditions.

3. Management of heading period

When heading flowering and grouting, it should be timely watered to keep the soil moist and meet the water requirements of the plant, but the irrigation should not be flooded, so it is better to fill the horse water. Pay attention to drainage in rainy days to avoid water and oxygen deficiency. During the flowering period of corn, if it is in bad weather, it should be artificially pollinated 2-3 times, usually in the sunny day at 9-11 am, which can reduce the lack of grain and baldness.

Sixth, pest control

In principle, prevention should be the mainstay, comprehensive prevention and control, and early detection and prevention should be found in management. Maize diseases mainly include large and small leaf spot, rust, and sheath blight. The main pests are corn borer, armyworm, corn borer, cotton bollworm, and small tiger. For chemical control, large and small leaf spot and rust can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times, and sheath blight can be sprayed with 5% Jinggangmycin 500 times solution. Corn borer and armyworm can be used with 10% cypermethrin 2000 times plus Bt powder 800 times, corn mash can be used 20% Kangfudu 3000 times, cotton bollworm can be Bt powder 800 times plus Tianli powder 800 times spray.

Seven, harvest

The harvest period of corn varies according to the purpose of cultivation. Fresh sweet glutinous corn has a growth period of 80-85 days in spring and autumn, 70-80 days in summer, and 90-100 days in winter. Generally, it is harvested 16-22 days after pollination, 16 days in summer, 22 days in winter, and it should be supplied in time after harvesting.