Cotton Fertilization and Field Management

Cotton has the characteristics of vegetative growth and reproductive growth with long growth period and easy detachment of buds , especially in flowering 3 to 5 days and young buds falling off for 10 to 20 days. The reasons are as follows: insufficient water, insufficient nutrients, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive irrigation, and insufficient light in the cotton field.

Cotton has different nutrient requirements in different growth stages. It needs most nutrients during flowering to boll opening. The contradiction between coordinated vegetative growth and reproductive growth is the key to solving the problem.

First, the cotton fertilizer misunderstanding:

1. Ignore potash. Some farmers' friends often use only nitrogen fertilizer ( carbon ammonium, urea ) or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ( diammonium ) in cotton topdressing . Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer may cause excessive vegetative growth of cotton and affect reproductive growth, causing falling flowers and falling bells. The application of diammonium in successive years is likely to cause the enrichment of phosphorus in the soil, which will not only restrict the absorption of other nutrients by cotton, but also cause soil degradation. Due to the serious shortage of potassium, the amount of fertilizer used is large, but the yield is not up. Therefore, we propose to increase the application of fertilizers with high potassium content, which will significantly improve the drought resistance, mites and disease resistance of cotton, and the yield increase effect is not achieved by single application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

2. Ignore micro-fertilizer. In recent years, trace element deficiency has been more and more manifested in cotton. For example, lack of boron and manganese deficiency in cotton can cause fruit loss, fruit number reduction and cotton fiber quality decline, iron deficiency and zinc deficiency, and easy to cause yellow leaf disease and lobular disease. Therefore, in the production of cotton, attention should be paid to the application of trace element fertilizers, and the use of root dressings, "small fertilizer" can often produce "great effect."

3. The method of topdressing is not scientific. In order to save time and effort, the method of applying the method of topdressing is not related to the high and low fertilizer utilization rate. Fertilizer application will result in the evaporation of effective nutrients, especially fertilizers such as urea, which will reduce fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended to use the method of hole application or ditch application when cotton topdressing. The fertilizer utilization rate of soil fertilization is much higher than that of ground application, which not only reduces our economic input, but also receives good results. "No pain no gain".

4. The symptoms of defatting appear in the late stage of cotton growth, and the main manifestation is premature aging of cotton. The main reason is that farmers' friends are reluctant to pursue peach fertilizer in August in order to reduce labor. This makes it difficult to ensure that cotton does not lose fertilizer in the middle of September , which is particularly prone to cause premature aging of cotton. These symptoms are particularly pronounced in soils with high sediment content, and premature aging is more severe in years with high rainfall. To solve this problem, we suggest: First, we should try to choose fertilizer with long-term fertilizer and strong foot strength to do topdressing, so as to ensure that it will not be de-fertilized in the later stage. Second, August-September is a concentrated peach season for cotton. It is of great significance to increase the application of peach fertilizer. The return on investment of increased application of peach fertilizer is twice as high as that of the previous period.

Second, the package fertilization recommendations:

1. Base fertilizer: In the spring direct broadcast of cotton base fertilizer, generally 1000 kg of farmyard manure or 50 kg of organic fertilizer per acre , 40 to 50 kg of chemical balance fertilizer , and cotton without bottoming fertilizer, the amount of topdressing should be increased appropriately.

2 , top dressing

Lightly apply seedlings. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be applied per mu in three true leaf stages , and a high-nitrogen foliar fertilizer is sprayed to promote leaf growth and medium and trace element fertilizers. Trace elements are sprayed on both sides of the leaves, and the effect of strong seedlings is remarkable.

Stable application of bud fertilizer. Before the bud, 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can increase the growth of flower buds and reduce the bud loss. Spray high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer ( promoting flower bud differentiation ) and medium and trace element fertilizer ( supplementing various trace elements ) and spraying on both sides of the leaf.

Reapply flower fertilizer. At the beginning of flowering, 30 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied to the acre . The bud fertilizer and the flower fertilizer depend on the growth of the cotton, and it is prevented that the excessive use of the fertilizer causes the vegetative growth to be excessive and the buds fall. Spraying a high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation and medium and trace element fertilizers, supplementing various trace elements and spraying on both sides of the leaves. The disease resistance and yield increase effect is remarkable.

Make up peach fertilizer. During a large number of bolling period, the strong peach fertilizer can be supplemented according to the growth of cotton, and 20 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be applied per mu to increase the bell pepper, which is good for “Futao full waist and autumn peach topping”. effect. Spray a high-potassium foliar fertilizer to prevent premature aging and medium and trace element fertilizers, supplement various trace elements, and spray on both sides of the leaves.

3 , the principle of fertilization

(1) Early application of base fertilizer, light application of seedling fertilizer, stable application of bud fertilizer, re-applying flower bell fertilizer, seeing seedlings and applying topping fertilizer.

(2) The amount of fertilizer applied to different cotton fields should be determined according to the yield level and soil fertility.

Third, cotton field management:

The early management should focus on “promoting” and promote early seedlings. In the middle and late management, "control" should be the mainstay, and anti-corruption should be late. The main measures are:

(1) Diligent farming. The cultivating can not only eliminate the knot, improve the ground temperature, but also facilitate the normal growth of the cotton plant, and cut off the soil capillary, control the lower salt to evaporate with the water, and reduce the salt back to alkali. Promote seedlings before seedlings.

(2) Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and promote the early emergence of seedlings. If the cotton field is not dry, under normal circumstances, see the flower or see the peach topping water, about the first ten days of July , after 10 to 15 days, then the second water, the saline-alkali land is generally only 1 to 2 water. Properly postpone the first water in the cotton field to prevent excessive growth during the bud period. After each irrigation, the appropriate amount should be applied to control the growth rate of the cotton plant to prevent the long-term shade.

(3) Go to the leaf branch, appropriate topping and hitting the heart. After the cotton is budded, the leaf branches are removed in time. In order to control the plant height and the length of the fruit branches and reduce the shading in the field, the topping and the center of the heart should be topped as appropriate, leaving 8 to 9 fruit branches, and 1 to 2 fruit branches per fruit branch .

(4) Rationalized control. From the bud of the start of the control to be performed a plurality of times, early to control light, available DPC 1 to 1.5 g / 667 m2 weight control 1, the specific frequency of spraying and dosage can be determined according to the weather, soil fertility, and the like cotton growth, It is advisable to keep the cotton plant height between 50 and 60 cm.

(5) Disease control: planting disease-resistant varieties, not using seeds produced by cotton fields to prevent pathogens from being carried into the soil with seeds; cotton and other crops are used for cropping, so that the pathogens that damage cotton are gradually reduced; organic fertilizers such as cottonseed meal are applied. After high temperature processing or high temperature stacking to kill the pathogenic bacteria; before the cotton sowing, sun-breeding or warm water soaking, can play a bactericidal effect; if the diseased plant is found in the cotton field, it should be immediately removed and brought From the cotton field.

(6) Pest control

Agricultural control: carry out autumn irrigation and winter irrigation to reduce the wintering base of cotton bollworms and ground tigers. Timely seedlings, cultivating and weeding, pruning and snoring. Elimination of heavy strains can destroy eggs and larvae of some pests. Biological control: use cotton and corn, wheat, rapeseed, sorghum and other plots, or plant corn, sorghum and other traps in cotton fields, fields, and gullies to provide suitable habitats for breeding and breeding. Easy to concentrate on trapping.

(7) Control of grass damage: in the process of cotton planting, change the ecological and environmental conditions by selecting seeds, applying organic fertilizer, rational close planting, film mulching, mechanical and manual weeding, and scientifically and rationally changing with other crops. , can significantly reduce the harm of weeds.