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In recent years, under the pressure of “high energy consumption, high pollution, overcapacity†and various unfavorable conditions, China's polysilicon enterprises are striving to continuously improve technology, reduce energy consumption and reduce costs, and improve themselves in a sound of suppression. The polysilicon process route with Chinese characteristics, the technology of several typical enterprises has reached the world advanced level, the production cost has the ability to compete with the world's old polysilicon enterprises, and at the same time provide basic raw material support for China's photovoltaic industry, making China's photovoltaic industry stand in the world and become China. One of the few industries that can compete with developed countries in the world.
The scale of the industry is expanding rapidly
Compared with 2005, the polysilicon industry has grown by more than 500 times. The energy consumption per unit of product has dropped significantly.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's polysilicon industry developed rapidly. In 2005, China's total output of polysilicon was 80 tons, accounting for 0.3% of the world's total output that year, negligible. In 2010, China's total output of polysilicon was 45,000 tons, accounting for 25% of the world's total output, second only to the United States, ranking second in the world, meeting 50% of domestic demand.
Compared with 2005, the industrial scale has increased by more than 500 times, the energy consumption per unit of products has fallen sharply, and the total number of newly-employed PV industry and related industries has exceeded 100 times, reaching about 500,000. Facts have proved that China's polysilicon materials industry has made outstanding contributions to national development. Although it has experienced many twists and turns, it should be encouraged rather than "killed" for an emerging industry.
In recent years, the biggest change in the polysilicon industry has been the change in understanding. Regarding the "contamination" problem of polysilicon, the seven traditional polysilicon giants in the world are in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany, which fully demonstrates that energy consumption and pollution are not problems. From a technical point of view, there is no technical bottleneck in the environmental protection and pollution problems of polysilicon. Compared with other chemical companies, the “pollution source†of polysilicon is simple, easy to handle and easy to prevent and control; the environmental pollution problem of polysilicon is more of management and awareness. . The National No. 38 document made strict regulations on environmental protection issues, and the “Polysilicon Access Conditions†issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology further clarified the recovery of by-products through technical measures such as hydrogenation and comprehensive utilization to form a closed loop process and recovery of by-products. The production of polysilicon raw materials is also extremely beneficial to reduce the cost of polysilicon, so companies have also actively addressed environmental issues. Now all polysilicon enterprises above the level of 1,000 tons are beautiful and environmentally friendly.
At present, China's polysilicon industry development model is generally based on independent research and development and import unit technology for enterprises to integrate, new polysilicon enterprises or technologically modified polysilicon enterprises already have international leading technology and equipment. In the future, the development of polysilicon industry urgently needs relevant policy support: it is imperative to implement the “on-grid electricity price method†to clearly support the solar photovoltaic power generation industry; support independent research and development technology to further improve quality and reduce costs; and support the development of common technology research in polysilicon industry, such as testing methods. , the formulation of various norms and standards, and serve the whole industry; support the advantageous enterprises to implement technological transformation or new capacity, and give priority to the record approval.
Recently, the price of polysilicon has rebounded, and its proportion in the photovoltaic industry is moderate, and the distribution of profits in all links is reasonable, which promotes the healthy development of the industry. It is estimated that in the next five years, domestic production will reach 120,000 tons, 150,000 tons, 180,000 tons, 200,000 tons, and 250,000 tons, respectively, which basically meets the needs of industrial development.
Regarding the question of whether there is a surplus of polysilicon production in China in the future, it depends on the demand for solar energy market and has a great correlation with the policy changes of various countries. Experts predict that before 2015, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is expected to drop to 0.7 yuan per kilowatt-hour, and the marketization will be more rapid, especially in the long-term case of new energy alternative technologies that have more potential than photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic power generation based on crystalline silicon will also develop rapidly with the advancement of technology.
There is a contradiction between structural supply and demand in the domestic polysilicon industry. At present, domestic electronic grade products have not been recognized by the market and still rely on imports. Therefore, "quality, cost, safety, and environmental protection" are the key to Chinese companies' competition in international enterprises. Connecting the industrial chain, cultivating large enterprises, and promoting large-scale production are effective means of participating in international competition.
New technology promotes energy saving and consumption reduction
Only the new technology that is recognized by the market will have survivability. "Low energy consumption, low cost new technology" will be known at a comparison.
The introduction of "Plastic Industry Access Conditions" has improved the threshold for entry, put forward safety, energy consumption and environmental protection requirements, and has guiding significance for the polysilicon industry. It is effective in regulating the development of the industry and is conducive to the low energy consumption and pollution-free state resources. Corporate tilt.
At present, the mainstream process of international polysilicon production is to improve the Siemens process, accounting for more than 85% of the total production capacity. The access conditions are also aimed at the mainstream process. For the domestic industry, encourage technological transformation, reduce energy consumption, and achieve clean production with clear objectives.
In addition, the research and development of new polysilicon technology is in the ascendant, and the “metallurgical, physical, chemical, chemical and physical methods†and so on, which are being studied at home and abroad, are collectively referred to as “low-energy, low-cost new technologiesâ€. These methods can refer to this access. Conditions, in terms of product quality, energy consumption, environmental protection, safety, mass production, etc., can only be compared one by one, only under the conditions of the new technology cost-effective, it is possible to get market recognition, to have survivability, whether it is really " Low-energy, low-cost new technology, a comparison will know.
At present, the improved Siemens method is still the mainstream mature process of polysilicon production. In 2010, polysilicon produced by this technology accounted for 86.6% of the total output of 167,000 tons. The technology matured in the 1970s. After nearly 20 years of silence, with the development of the photovoltaic industry, all countries in the world have made secondary innovations in this technology. For example, China Silicon Science and Technology has broken through large-scale low-temperature hydrogenation technology and large-scale energy-saving reduction furnace technology. High-efficiency pressurized rectification and purification technology, high-efficiency pressurized trichlorosilane synthesis technology, tail gas dry recovery technology, silicon tetrachloride production of gas phase white carbon black technology and thermal energy comprehensive utilization technology, with the scale production, the technology is still improving space.
In recent years, with the expansion of its Siemens technology, its competitiveness has been strengthened, and its mainstream technology status has been further consolidated. It will remain the mainstream technology for the next 20 years or more. The improved Siemens method can meet the requirements of large-scale, safe and environmentally friendly production because of its high purity and low production cost, and it has become the mainstream mainstream technology in the market. From a cost perspective, the cost of WACKER and REC is almost the same, showing that the technology has strong vitality. In addition, the following methods have also been widely studied and applied.
Silane method: The recognized modern silane method is REC's SiCl4 stepwise hydrogenation method. The use of a bell-type reactor to pyrolyze SiH4 has no advantage in the cost of producing polycrystalline silicon, and only has a certain advantage in granular polycrystalline silicon. In addition to the safety issues of SiH4, the development of silane methods is limited. Four companies in China have explored the use of silane to produce polysilicon. Since the start of construction in 2008, no company has been able to achieve smooth production. The technology is still in the growth stage. This technology has advantages in producing ultra-high-purity polysilicon.
Metallurgical Law: It is reported that dozens of companies at home and abroad have been engaged in this method research and have been in the process for more than 5 years. The purity of the pilot product has reached 99.999%, but this kind of purity product still needs multiple melting, steamed bread. After the tail is removed, the silicon material yield is low, the energy consumption is large, the product quality is difficult to stabilize, and the cost is not significantly improved compared with the improved Siemens process.
With the National Engineering Laboratory as the platform, China Silicon High-Tech has completed three national science and technology support plan projects and three national “863†program key projects, achieving low-temperature pressurized silicon tetrachloride hydrogenation and high-efficiency pressurized large reduction furnace system. A series of new technological breakthroughs such as high-efficiency pressurized separation and recovery process of exhaust gas and comprehensive utilization of by-products have achieved a number of domestic leading and internationally advanced technological achievements, and have been verified on industrialized test lines, breaking through the restrictions on China's polysilicon. The key technologies of scale, low unit consumption, high quality and clean production have mastered the polysilicon clean production process of “internal recycling of materials and comprehensive utilization of energyâ€. Based on this, China Silicon High-Tech Co., Ltd. produced 4,117 tons of polysilicon in 2010, ranking second in the country and eighth in the world. It is estimated that the production of polysilicon in China's silicon high-tech will reach 10,000 tons in 2011. Now it is necessary to support the national policy to support the energy-saving environmental protection technology transformation or the construction of large-scale low-energy environmental protection polysilicon projects. If the license is available, by the end of 2015, the total scale of China Silicon High-tech polysilicon is expected to reach 50,000 tons per year.
The design of the medium silicon high-tech process and supporting system is designed according to the electronic grade requirements. Among the actual products, the electronic grade accounts for 30%, and the solar grade accounts for 70%. It conforms to the national standard of electronic grade polysilicon quality GB/T12963-2009 and the solar grade polysilicon national standard GB. /T125074-2010.
In addition, the "solar-grade polysilicon" edited by China Silicon High-Tech has been approved, and the "polysilicon enterprise energy consumption limit" has formed a draft for the preparation of the "polysilicon safety operation specification" and "polysilicon plant design specifications" national standards.
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Abstract "Quality, cost, safety and environmental protection" are the key to the competition in the polysilicon industry. Cultivating large enterprises and promoting large-scale production are effective means to face competition from international giants. In recent years, China's polysilicon enterprises are "high energy consumption, high pollution, overcapacity" and various adverse conditions...
“Quality, cost, safety and environmental protection†are the key to the competition in the polysilicon industry. Cultivating large enterprises and promoting large-scale production are effective means to face competition from international giants.