Fruit tree five principles of fertilization in autumn

Autumn is a critical period for field management in the late orchard. After the fruit is harvested, the effect of applying the base fertilizer to the fruit trees is quite good. For fertilizers with the same quantity and quality, the application of autumn application can increase the fruit setting rate by 8% to 10% and increase the yield by 10% to 15%. Fertilization is the main way to artificially supplement soil nutrients, fertilize soil fertility, improve fertility, and meet the nutrients needed for crop growth and development. 80% of the orchard's fertilizer requirement is placed in the fall (from September to October), and the effect of increasing yield is very obvious.

The fertilization time is generally good for late-maturing varieties before and after fruit picking. The principle is that it should be early and not too late. At this time, the temperature is high and the rainfall is high. The base fertilizer has sufficient time to decompose, the leaf function has not deteriorated, and there is strong photosynthetic function and nutrient reflux. In the roots, it is the peak of a root growth of the fruit tree, and the root is easy to heal, which can improve the nutrient reserve level.

The fertilization site is mostly located at the end of the main lateral root. The fertilization area is generally selected at the projection edge of the canopy of the fruit tree and a little further away. The fertilization of the whole garden should also be 1 m away from the trunk, and the fertilization depth should be about 50 cm. And pay attention to the inner shallow depth.

Fertilization methods Orchard fertilization methods include annular ditch application, radiation ditch application, strip ditch application and whole garden application, which can be selected according to local conditions. No matter which method should be used, the fermented organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, etc. should be thoroughly mixed with the rhizosphere soil, covered with original soil after application, so that the fertilizer is dispersed and breathable, and the nutrients absorbed by the tree body are slowly released to improve the utilization of nutrients. rate. Otherwise, the local concentration of the soil is too high, which may cause burnt roots. Pay special attention to the protection of the root system when fertilizing, especially to protect the fine roots growing on the lateral roots of all levels. After the large roots exposed by the ditch are turned over, they should be fully stretched and buried in the loose soil, and then buried with the burial, to prevent the long-term wind and sun drying the roots.

Select fertilizer high-quality fertilizers include composting compost, manure, circle fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, human excrement, chicken manure and so on. These organic fertilizers have a variety of nutrients required for fruit trees, and continuous application in large amounts can effectively improve orchard soil. The application amount of organic fertilizer can be 2 to 3 kg of fertilizer per 1 kg of fruit produced, or 20 to 30 kg of organic fertilizer per adult fruit tree. Note: The organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and the organic fertilizer that has not been decomposed is directly applied to the soil. During the fermentation process, a large amount of heat is generated and rooting occurs.

The application of micro-fertilizer fruit trees is not large, but it is indispensable. When a certain supply of micro-fertilizer is insufficient, fruit trees are prone to physiological diseases such as deficiency syndrome. For example, iron deficiency will occur in yellowing, and zinc deficiency will occur. Lobular disease. For fruit trees that have iron deficiency performance all year round, it is necessary to pay attention to the supplement of ferrous sulfate in the base fertilizer. However, the direct application of ferrous sulfate into the soil will quickly convert into insoluble compounds, so the effect of simultaneous application with organic fertilizer is better. For the orchard with annual boron deficiency and zinc deficiency, the boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer should be applied separately according to the application method of the base fertilizer and the hole application. Generally, 50 grams of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied to each adult tree.

(友江)