Latest developments in bevel gear measurement technology

1 Overview

Bevel gear transmissions have been widely used in the automotive, helicopter, machine tool and power tool manufacturing industries. Different applications have different requirements on the performance quality of bevel gears. It is summarized as follows: (1) has a good contact area and can reliably transmit power torque; 2 has a well-matched geometry, can smoothly transmit motion, thereby ensuring uniform load, The transmission is smooth, the vibration is small, and the noise is low. The factory usually uses a double-clamp and a rolling inspection device that detects contact spots to control the quality of the bevel gear, but it is actually difficult to accurately determine the performance of the bevel gear.

The accuracy measurement method of the bevel gear is similar to that of the spur gear, and can usually be divided into three types: a coordinate coordinate geometric analysis method. That is, the bevel gear is used as a geometric entity, and the geometrical elements are separately measured for geometric accuracy; the gear measurement center is its main measuring instrument. 2 meshing integrated precision measurement method. That is, the bevel gear is used as a transmission component to comprehensively measure its transmission accuracy, contact spots, and vibration noise. The measuring instruments mainly include a bevel gear single-face meshing inspection instrument, a bevel gear double-face meshing measuring instrument and a bevel gear rolling inspection machine. 3 bevel gear overall error measurement method. It uses the bevel gear as a geometric entity for realizing the transmission function, or measures the overall error of the bevel gear by the coordinate measurement method according to the single geometric accuracy measurement method, and realizes the inherent relationship between the single geometric error of the bevel gear and the transmission precision and quality. Analytical research; or according to the single-face meshing measurement method, using the meshing point scanning measurement method, the overall error of the bevel gear is measured, and the comprehensive motion precision, contact spot and geometric accuracy of each bevel gear are obtained. Therefore, the bevel gear overall error measurement method is the integration and development of the first two measurement methods.

With the development of coordinate measurement technology, computer control and measurement technology, the research on the overall error measurement technology of bevel gear has been developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the improved measurement performance and data processing capability of the cylindrical multi-coordinate multi-function measuring instrument such as the gear measuring center, the coordinate geometry analysis measurement technology of the bevel gear has been developed from the single geometric error measurement to the overall error measurement of the bevel gear, and the cone has been improved. The level of the entire bevel gear manufacturing technology, such as gear design, machining, inspection and determination of precision quality, and prediction of the use performance. The bevel gear single-face meshing point scanning measurement technology developed by China and based on the "controllable point motion-geometry principle" and the bevel gear overall error measuring instrument developed based on this technology are also moving toward the front line of production. The practical application of the theory and measurement technology of bevel gear measurement in China has been further improved and developed.

2 Bevel gear precision main measurement method and instrument

2.1 coordinate geometry analysis measurement method and instrument

The mechanically developed coordinate straight bevel gear measuring instrument has been produced earlier, and is represented by the Swiss Mage KP42 type with high precision but complicated structure. Since 1990, the CNC gear measurement center has been introduced to the market, and the coordinate error measurement method of the coordinate arc bevel gear has been rapidly developed and popularized. Today's foreign gear measurement centers, whether it is the K63 of Germany Klingberg, the GMX275 of Gleason/Marl, the Sigma of M&M, have the function of measuring bevel gears. These instruments all meet the level 1 specified by the VDI/VDE level, and the spatial measurement uncertainty is above 2 microns; the single geometric error of the bevel gear can be detected, such as the pitch deviation (including single pitch deviation, pitch cumulative deviation, Total deviation of tooth pitch), tooth profile deviation (including total tooth profile deviation, tooth profile deviation, tooth profile deviation deviation), tooth direction deviation (including total tooth direction deviation, tooth direction shape deviation, tooth direction inclination deviation) and Output three-dimensional tooth surface shape deviation topography and the like.

2.2 Single-sided meshing rolling inspection comprehensive measurement method and instrument

The bevel gear single-face meshing rolling detection method has been used for many years in production. Taking the Grisonson N0.513 rolling inspection machine as an example, in the case of the single bevel of the bevel gear pair being tested, simulate its working state, add a certain speed and load, adjust V/H, and carry out the colored contact area (spot The detection is performed to determine the contact condition of the bevel gear pair to be tested; the vibration and noise are measured by means of an acceleration sensor and a pickup, and the tooth harmonics are scanned and detected. This method belongs to the "quasi-dynamic" measurement method, which is not complete and accurate enough for the precision detection of the bevel gear. The bevel gear single-face meshing inspection instrument using the photoelectric encoder as the angle reference and the bevel gear tangential comprehensive precision detection, such as the PSKE900 of the German Klingberg company, is difficult to test the cone according to the detection result. The adjustment of the parameters of the gear processing machine gives guidance to improve the processing quality of the bevel gear. The cost performance is poor, so it is not used in production.

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