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China's current annual tool sales of 14.5 billion yuan, of which the proportion of cemented carbide tools is less than 25%, not only far from the international market tool product structure, but also can not meet the growing demand for cemented carbide tools in the domestic manufacturing industry. Among the knives used in domestic manufacturing, the proportion of cemented carbide tools has reached more than 50%. The problem of disconnected supply and demand structure has been very serious. The consequence is that a large number of surplus high-speed steel tools are exported at low prices or sold domestically, while high-efficiency carbide tools However, it has to rely on a large number of imports, and the import volume has increased from 0.9 billion US dollars in 2001 to 450 million US dollars (about 3.6 billion yuan) in 2005.
The imbalance of the tool structure is that the tool produced is not in line with the demand. For example, the carbide cutters that users need are large, but the high-speed steel cutters are over-produced; the high-efficiency cutters that are urgently needed in modern manufacturing are large, but the low-grade standard cutters are overproduced.
In developed countries, cemented carbide tools have now dominated the tool, accounting for 70%. High-speed steel tools are shrinking at a rate of 1% to 2% per year, and the current proportion has fallen below 30%. The proportion of superhard tools such as diamond and cubic boron nitride is about 3%.
China currently produces about 80,000 tons of high-speed steel, accounting for about 40% of the world's total output, and consumes a lot of precious resources such as tungsten and molybdenum. This blind expansion and low level of repetition have resulted in a large surplus of high-speed steel tools produced and have to be sold at low prices, resulting in a low profitability of a large number of tool manufacturers.
China's current annual output of cemented carbide is 16,000 tons, which also accounts for about 40% of the global total. However, the highest added value of cutting inserts in cemented carbide products is only 3,000 tons, accounting for only 20%. This situation, on the one hand, has caused insufficient supply of cemented carbide tools that are urgently needed in the country, and on the other hand, the precious cemented carbide resources have not been fully utilized.
In terms of economic benefits, China's annual sales revenue of cemented carbide is about 560 million US dollars; Japan is only 40% of China's output, but the sales revenue is as high as 2.633 billion US dollars, of which the proportion of blades (knives) is as high as 72%, so that resources have been obtained. Full use, the company has also achieved good results. China's tool industry should get some useful inspiration from it.
According to relevant information, last year China imported a total of 23,364 pieces of various tool products, an increase of 64% over the previous year; the purchase cost of imported tools was as high as 285,500 dollars, compared with the previous year. Increase by 87%. These figures show that the domestically produced tools are still far behind the development of the machine tool host, so it has caused the current "foreign knife" to sell well. Today, when the globalization trend of the market economy becomes more and more obvious, it is particularly important to clarify the gap with the international advanced level, to find out the development trend of the hardware tool manufacturing industry and catch up.
China has become a "world manufacturing factory", which is only an estimate of some optimists. At present, the main force of China's manufacturing industry is still focused on processing materials. The ability to independently produce high-tech products is still not strong, and the overall competitiveness needs to be improved. What is the gap between us and the international level?
According to expert analysis, the gap in China is phased. The main performance is that the manufacturing industry is still dominated by low-end manufacturing, and the added value of products is not high, only 26.23%. As a big exporting country, the export items are mainly labor-intensive products with low technical content. At the same time, China's manufacturing industry's energy consumption is 20% to 30% higher than the international developed level.
How to solve the gap and accelerate the development of the industry?
Compared with advanced multinational tool companies, China's tool companies have large gaps in terms of capital, technology, equipment and management. It seems that they cannot find any advantage. But I think that at least two major advantages are the precious conditions for the development of China's tool industry. That is: natural resources and human resources. Unfortunately, these two resources have not been well utilized and grasped, and many development opportunities have been lost.
The resources of our tool materials are unique. In 2003, China produced 60,000 tons of high-speed steel and 12,500,000 tons of hard alloys, accounting for about 40% of the world's total. However, in the same year, the sales of our knives in China were less than 6% of global tool sales. This huge contrast is shocking. It shows that the added value of China's tool products is too low.
In terms of human resources, China's tool industry has cultivated a good quality workforce for decades. Although affected by the level of China's industrial base, the knowledge is obsolete and needs to be updated and improved. But this step is not difficult to catch up. Many foreign-funded enterprises have hired a large number of personnel from Chinese tool companies. After training, they can quickly adapt to the production, marketing and service of modern cutting tools. The performance is very good and proves the ability of this team. However, due to the long-term production of standard products by China's tool companies, it is a pity that this team's development potential and service potential are wasted.
Then, how can we give full play to China's resource and manpower advantages and push the development of the tool industry to a new level? Experts believe that we must start with the concept of strengthening services. Tool companies must completely lose the stereotypes that have been developed over the past decades, and have the old habit of selling them, putting the demand for manufacturing in the first place. This kind of guiding ideology and development policy has been established. Even without a large amount of modern equipment, it can produce good products that users welcome. With this kind of guiding ideology, the waste of resources is shoddy, and the waste of talents will be greatly reduced. In recent years, China's tool industry has begun to emerge a number of technology-based private enterprises, which is the way to develop. Its growth rate exceeds the strength of state-owned enterprises, which deserves attention.
To solve the modernization problem, the cutting tool industry is the most important thing to strengthen service awareness and improve service level. Its urgency far exceeds the improvement of equipment. We have had a lot of painful lessons. Some companies have introduced advanced foreign equipment at great prices, but the old concept has not changed, and still produces the same standard knives. The result is not welcomed by the market.
The modern tool manufacturing industry in developed countries has undergone mergers, reorganizations and enhancements since the 1980s, and has shown the characteristics of “high starting point, large investment, large-scale, internationalization†and the trend of concentration. The 10 largest multinational tooling groups account for two-thirds of the international tool market. Compared with China's tool companies, there is a big gap in product development capability, process development capability, equipment development capability and marketing service level. It must be admitted that this gap cannot be caught up overnight. After all, the tool industry is a traditional industry, and the law of high-tech development is different. A lot of technology and experience depends on a long-term accumulation process.
In the reform and development of China's tool industry in recent years, it has also begun to notice the problem of accurately positioning and selecting a reasonable development model according to its own conditions. Many large and medium-sized enterprises have abandoned the "big and complete" and "small but complete" development models and began to present their own characteristics. This is a very gratifying phenomenon. However, the proportion of featured products and services is not large enough, and the transformation speed is not fast enough. It shows that the sense of urgency is not strong and has not completely shaken off the influence of the traditional system, so the pace of reform must be accelerated. In the market economy competition, the enterprise is the main body of competition, and it must be responsible for its own survival and development. Therefore, the current development of China's tool industry cannot meet the needs of the manufacturing industry. First, we must find the reasons from the enterprises themselves and come up with solutions. On the other hand, it must be noted that the development history of China's market economy is still very short. There are still many places in the market that are not standardized and imperfect, which affects the healthy development of enterprises. Sometimes this effect is still very serious. It is necessary to have political and business communication and consensus, and the government will come forward to solve it. For example, the “bad competition for inferior and low-priced products†and “unfair investment orientation†that have hindered the healthy development of the tool industry for many years. These two major issues are directly related to government behavior.
The world's advanced level is the direction of China's hardware tool manufacturing industry. The development direction of China's hardware tool manufacturing industry is summarized by experts: First, vigorously develop resource-saving and environment-friendly industries; Second, change product grades, strive to win by quality, and graft information technology into products; Cultivate a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body; Fourth, accelerate the industrialization of high and new technology.
Since the beginning of the new century, with the large-scale manufacturing industry shift to China, and the domestic manufacturing industry has also accelerated the pace of technological transformation, domestic CNC machine tools have begun to enter the manufacturing field. A sharp contradiction quickly surfaced, and advanced CNC machine tools, equipped with advanced domestic tools, had to be equipped with "foreign knife." The product structure of China's tool industry for decades has finally exposed serious defects in the new development period, dragging the hind legs of manufacturing modernization.