National Agricultural Meteorology

Summary of this tenth

The light temperature in most of the northern agricultural areas is suitable, and the sensation is better than that in the same period of the past three years, which is conducive to the vigorous growth of autumn harvest crops. The weather in the south of the Yangtze River and most of southern China is good for the early rice filling and ripening early rice; but in western Jiangxi, eastern Hunan, Zhejiang, and northern Fujian, there are 7-10 days of high temperature weather, and early rice filling in Jiangxi and other places suffers from light. To moderate high temperature heat damage; high temperature also affects the growth of late rice seedlings and the production of vegetables and fruits. The meteorological conditions of most of the Jianghuai and Jianghan are basically favorable for agricultural production; the northeastern part of the southwestern region has more precipitation, some farmland has been flooded and destroyed, and agricultural production has been affected.

Main weather characteristics of this week

Temperatures in most parts of the country are close to normal or high in the same period, including northeastern, southern Jianghan, most of the Jianghuai and most of the south of the Yangtze River, 2 to 4 °C (Figure 1); southern North China, Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan and northern China High-temperature weather with a maximum daily temperature of ≥35°C occurs in the same place, and the high temperature days in the southeast of Jiangnan and South China reach 3 to 10 days (Fig. 2). Precipitation in the southeastern part of the northwestern region, southern part of North China, Huanghuai, northeastern Jianghuai, northwestern Jianghan, and eastern Sichuan is more than normal. The precipitation in eastern Sichuan and eastern Huanghuai is 1 to 4 times higher (Fig. 3). Most of the country's agricultural areas have sufficient sunshine, and only about 30 hours in the south of Huanghuai, eastern Jianghuai and eastern Sichuan (Figure 4).

Figure 1 Average temperature anomaly in early July 2012
Figure 2 High temperature days in early July 2012

Figure 3 Precipitation anomalies in early July 2012

Figure 4 Sunshine hours in early July 2012

Current crop growth and development report

Early rice: Most of the southern part of the Yangtze River and most of southern China are in the milky stage; some early rice in northern Hunan, southwestern Guangxi, and southern Guangdong are at maturity (Figure 5).

Late rice: Late rice in Jiangnan and South China is in the sowing and emergence stage (Fig. 6).

Figure 5 Early rice development in early July 2012

Figure 6 Late rice development in early July 2012

Figure 7 Rice development period in the first quarter of July 2012

Figure 8 Spring wheat development period in early July 2012

One season of rice: most of the country is in the tillering stage, and a season of rice in the southwest part of the country enters the booting stage (Figure 7).

Spring wheat: Most of the country is in the stage of heading and flowering to the stage of filling milk, and some parts of the eastern part of the northwestern region have entered maturity (Fig. 8).

Spring maize: Most of the northern part is in jointing stage, Xinjiang enters the tasseling stage; most of the southwestern part is in the period of tasseling to milky stage; western part of Guangxi is in maturity (Fig. 9).

Soybeans: Most of the Northeast China is in the third true leaf to flowering stage; summer sowing soybeans in North China, Huanghuai and other places are in the sowing to emergence stage (Figure 10).

Figure 9 Spring corn development period in early July 2012

Figure 10 Soybean development period in early July 2012

Figure 11 Summer corn development period in early July 2012

Figure 12 Cotton development period in early July 2012

Summer maize: Most of the northern part is in the period of three-leaf to seven-leaf, and some areas enter the jointing stage; most of the southwestern part is in the period from jointing to tasseling (Fig. 11).

Cotton: Most of the Xinjiang, Yellow River and Yangtze River basins are in the bud to flowering stage (Figure 12).

Potatoes: Most of them are in flowering stage, and some parts of southwestern part enter the acceptable period (Figure 13).

Tobacco: Most of the country is in the leaf growth stage, and some areas are in the leaf harvest period (Figure 14).

Figure 13 Potato development period in early July 2012

Figure 14 Tobacco development in early July 2012

Figure 15 Sugarcane development period in early July 2012

Figure 16 Pasture development in early July 2012

Sugar cane: Most of it is in the stem elongation period (Figure 15).

Forage: Most of the northern pastoral areas are in the vegetative growth period, and some pastoral areas enter the flowering stage (Figure 16).

Analysis of Agricultural Meteorological Conditions in Main Agricultural Areas

Northeast China and Inner Mongolia: The temperature is high and the light is normal. Most of the farmland soils are suitable for the soil. It is beneficial to the growth of dryland crops such as corn and the rice tiller in the first season. Most of the corn and soybean growth and development process is earlier than normal; the first season rice and perennial The same period. However, the precipitation in the central and western Inner Mongolia is relatively small, and the temperature is high, and the soil moisture is biased, which is not conducive to the growth of pasture.

North China, Huanghuai, and the eastern part of the northwestern region: the precipitation process occurred in most agricultural areas in the first ten days, and the soil moisture was further improved. The drought was completely relieved at the end of the year; the light and temperature conditions in most areas were better, which was conducive to the growth of corn, soybean, cotton and other crops. development. However, the precipitation in the southwestern part of Shaanxi, the central and eastern parts of Henan, the southwestern part of Shandong, and the central and western parts of Shandong Province are excessive. In some areas, the soil is too wet, which is unfavorable to the roots of the crops. The heavy precipitation also causes some farmland to accumulate water. The growth of summer soybeans at the seedling stage is unfavorable and causes some cotton buds to fall off.

Jianghuai and Jianghan: Most of the farmland has suitable soil moisture and sufficient sunshine, which is conducive to the rice mites, the booting ears and the cotton buds. However, the continuous high temperature in parts of central and eastern Jianghan is unfavorable for the growth and development of one-season rice panicle and dryland crops. The continuous heavy rainfall in parts of central and eastern Jianghuai causes the farmland soil to be too wet, causing waterlogging, causing crop lodging and root function obstruction. weak.

Jiangnan, South China: Most areas have normal or high temperature, and the sunshine is sufficient. The sunny weather is good for early rice filling and ripening and early rice harvesting. However, in the southern part of the south of the Yangtze River and southern China, there are 3 to 5 days of high temperature with a maximum temperature of ≥35 °C. The high temperature days in eastern Hunan, western and northeastern Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian reach 7 to 10 days, Jiangxi, etc. Early grain filling of the ground was adversely affected, resulting in insufficient grain filling, reduced 1000-grain weight, shortened grain filling period, and affected yield formation. High temperature also affected the growth of late rice seedlings, which was unfavorable to form strong seedlings. In addition, the continuous high temperature weather has certain adverse effects on the production of vegetables and fruits in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Fujian, resulting in decreased quality and resistance, and breeding of pests and diseases.

Southwest: The precipitation in the central and eastern Sichuan Basin is 2 to 4 times more, and the sunshine is less. In some areas, the number of heavy rains reaches 2 to 5 days, causing serious waterlogging disasters in low-lying farmland. Farmland is destroyed in some areas, causing agricultural production. It must be affected; and the rainy days are more, the temperature is suitable, and the field air humidity is relatively large, which is conducive to the rapid spread of crop pests and diseases, and the effect of chemical control is also affected. Most of Guizhou and Yunnan have suitable temperatures and sufficient sunshine, which is conducive to the growth and development of corn, rice, flue-cured tobacco and other crops.

Main agricultural meteorological disasters

The main agricultural meteorological disasters in the first ten years include high temperature, drought, heavy rain, floods and hail (Figure 17).

High temperature: The highest daily temperature of ≥35°C in eastern Hunan, western and northeastern Jiangxi, most of Zhejiang and northern Fujian reached 7-10 days, and some early rice in Jiangxi and Hunan suffered from high temperature heat damage; the late rice seedlings and vegetables in most of the above areas were also affected. The adverse effects of high temperatures.

Drought: At the beginning of the year, there was mild drought in southwestern Shanxi, northwestern Henan, and parts of Shandong, which had certain adverse effects on the growth of summer maize, soybeans and other crops. The obvious precipitation in the first ten days caused the soil moisture to improve continuously. Lifted.

Heavy rains and floods: strong precipitation occurred in some areas of Sichuan, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, etc., causing waterlogging or flooding in some farmland, and crops such as corn and soybeans were flooded or destroyed, including Dazhou in the northeastern Sichuan Basin. In the 20 cities (states) of Nanchong and Bazhong, the affected area was 126 thousand hectares, of which 25 thousand hectares were collected.

Hail: Hail disasters occurred in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia, Datong City, Shanxi Province, etc. On July 4, there was thunderstorm and hail weather in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, and crops suffered different degrees of damage.

Figure 17 Major agricultural meteorological disasters in early July 2012

Prospects and recommendations for agricultural meteorological conditions in this decade

It is estimated that in the next 10 days, China's rainfall will be wide. The main rainfall areas are located in the Jianghuai, the northern part of the south of the Yangtze River and the eastern part of the southwestern region. The cumulative rainfall in most of the above areas is generally 60-180 mm, and the local area can reach 200-300 mm. Compared with the same period, it is 50% to 2 times more. Heavy precipitation caused some farmland in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and the southwestern part of China to be over-humid or dredged, which is not conducive to the growth and development of dryland crops; strong precipitation is also not conducive to the harvesting of mature early rice in the northern part of the Yangtze River. The southern part of the south of the Yangtze River and the eastern part of South China will have fine weather, which is conducive to early rice filling and ripening; however, some areas in the south of the Yangtze River will have a high temperature of 35 to 37 °C for 3 to 5 days, which is unfavorable for early rice filling.

On the 18th to 20th, there are 10 to 25 millimeters of rainfall in the eastern part of the northwestern region and north China, which is conducive to soil conservation. It is expected that the northern part of the northern agricultural area will be suitable for the next 10 days, which is beneficial to the growth and development of autumn harvest crops. Suggest:

Various autumn harvest crops in the north are in a vigorous growth stage. All localities should strengthen field management, timely cultivating and weeding, timely topdressing and promoting crop growth. In the northwest, north China, and Huanghuai cotton areas, it is necessary to pruning and topping in time, chasing the flower and bell fertilizer, and reducing the buds and bells.

In the south of the Yangtze River and South China, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the early rice in the late stage. In the high temperature period, measures such as irrigation, daily irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation should be adopted to prevent the plant from premature aging, so as to reduce or avoid the adverse effects of high temperature. At the same time, do a good job in the management of water and fertilizer in the late rice field. To prevent high temperature hot seedlings and ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

In areas with more precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River and the northern part of the Yangtze River, it is necessary to clear the ditch in time to clear the weeds in the field, improve the conditions of field permeability, prevent or mitigate the damage of farmland waterlogging, and promote the normal growth and development of dryland crops. The early rice harvesting area should avoid the rainfall period and timely harvest; the harvesting area should speed up the land preparation to ensure timely transplanting of late rice.

In addition, localities need to strengthen the monitoring and prevention of pests and diseases.