Electrochromism refers to the fact that the optical properties of the material in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions produce a stable and reversible change under the influence of an applied electric field. Electrochromism can be seen in products such as electronic paper, displays, blue mirrors and smart windows. Material figure. In recent years, with the application of electrochromic technology in the automotive, construction, printing and other major fields, unprecedented research on electrochromic has emerged. People look for new materials, design new structures, and other methods of electrochromic devices. A step-by-step increase in performance. However, today's electrochromic technologies still cannot meet the needs of large-scale applications. The problems of material cost, color change efficiency, cycle stability, and application development have become the bottleneck for the rapid development of this technology. People face enormous electrochromic effects. The potential market is out of reach.

Zhao Zhigang, a researcher at the Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the research team of Prof. Fengxia Feng from Suzhou University, featured traditional electrochromism of tungsten-based materials, and conducted a detailed and in-depth look at the fundamental issues in this area. Research, and made some breakthrough progress. The zero-dimensional tungsten oxide (quantum dot) electrode material was prepared for the first time, its electrochromic coloration and fading time were all within 1 s, and the color change efficiency was 154 cm2/C. The performance was superior to that of non-zero-dimensional tungsten oxide and others. Electrochromic materials have confirmed that the reduction of the particle size of conventional electrode materials to zero-dimension will greatly enhance the material and charge transport processes. The relevant results were published in the international journal Advanced Materials. 2014, 26, 4260- 4267). In addition, a smart supercapacitor using tungsten oxide (W18O49) nanowires and polyaniline (PANI) as binary electrode active materials was designed and prepared, and the energy storage state was demonstrated by the interactive change of pattern and background color, and a supercapacitor was provided. The "intelligent" new features have opened up a new path for broadening the field of application of electrochromic technology. The results of this research have been published in the international journal Nano Letters (2014, 14, 2150-2156).

Recently, the team's researchers transferred the focus of the study to electrolytes. Starting from the mechanism of electrochromism, it was pointed out that conventional electrochromic electrolytes (H+, Li+, Na+ ions) do not optimize the performance of electrochromic devices. For the first time, trivalent cations were used as intercalation ions and W18O49 nanowires were used as the host structure to verify some of the problems of traditional electrolyte ions, such as poor environmental stability and severe destruction of the host structure, and a new electrolyte was used. - Al3+ ion electrolyte, and enables electrochromic active materials to achieve a faster electrochromic rate, a higher efficiency and better cycle stability.

The application of Al3+ ion electrolyte in electrochromic field not only overcomes some problems of traditional electrolyte ions, but also makes the electrochromic active material achieve more excellent performance. Al3+ ionic electrolytes promote further development in the field of electrochromism.

The research results have been published in the international journal Advanced Functional Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201502638). The above research work has received strong support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51372266 and 51402204), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130348) and the Suzhou Industrial Science and Technology Project (ZXG201426).

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