Different types of soil characteristics and principles of fertilization

First, sandy soil

1, characteristics

Sandy soil has good permeability and is not easily damaged by sandy soil; it is easy to cultivate, has little resistance to cultivation, and has low energy consumption; the sand content in sandy soil is absolutely dominant, so the nutrient elements needed for crops are lacking. Sandy soil has poor water retention and fertilizer retention performance, especially when the proportion of irrigation and fertilization is not good, it is prone to water leakage and leakage, and sandy soil is not conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter. In the soil, there is often less water and more gas. During the daytime, the surface soil temperature rises rapidly, but at night it is easy to dissipate heat and cool down, so the temperature difference between day and night is large. Conducive to the growth of roots and crops and the accumulation of carbohydrates. Due to the low nutrient content of sandy soil and poor fertilizer-preserving capacity, nutrient supply is often insufficient in the late stage of crop growth and development, and crops are prematurely decimated and yield reduced.

2, the principle of fertilization

1 Add organic fertilizer to increase soil organic matter content. 2 Topdressing should adopt the principle of “small number of times” to reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. 3 crops are topdressed in the late stage of growth and development to prevent crops from reducing production due to premature aging. In addition, timely irrigation based on weather conditions is also very important.

Second, sticky soil

1, characteristics

The soil of clay soil is fine, and the mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are rich in content, poor in permeability and strong in fertilizer retention, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. Because the soil has strong water retention, poor air permeability and easy oxygen deficiency, it is easy to produce reducing substances and has a toxic effect on crops. In addition, the clay soil has large resistance to cultivation, high energy consumption, and poor quality of cultivation, which is likely to cause uneven seedling emergence and slow growth of seedlings. It is generally suitable for planting water- and fertilizer-tolerant crops such as wheat and corn.

2, the principle of fertilization

1 Suitable for hot organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to increase soil organic matter content. 2 Seedling period must control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, not too much, so as not to cause the crop to fall. 3 The late stage of crop growth and development should not be too late, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as not to cause crops to be late and ripe.