Facing the tube of the spring and dry river south fruit trees

Due to the drought in autumn and winter last year, the southern Sichuan region is currently threatened by spring drought. Long droughts and no rains have reduced the supply of effective soil water to fruit trees, resulting in weak tree trees, poor growth, increased physiological diseases, and insect and viral diseases. This may cause mechanical damage to the fruit trees. In the event of heavy rain or heavy water irrigation, the cells will swell and rupture, and the light will produce cracked fruit. In severe cases, the fruit trees will be “drained” or dried.

Therefore, after the Spring Festival, fruit farmers in southern Sichuan have strengthened the drought management of fruit trees. The specific measures are as follows:
Improve the overall level of drought resistance

Doing a good job in the construction of orchard water conservancy projects is the fundamental solution to improve the drought resistance of orchards. At present, we must pay close attention to the construction of water storage ponds and water diversion work, refurbish the orchard terraces and lead the water mountains. According to different tree species and water demand in different periods, the fruit trees are irrigated to ensure the demand for water during flowering and young fruit expansion to increase the fruit setting rate.
Improve root absorption and metabolism

Deeply change the soil and cover the straw or mulch.

Straw mulching can improve soil water retention, increase soil aeration, improve soil structure, and promote root growth of fruit trees. When covering, it is best to first smash the straw, then cover the tree or cover only 20 cm thick straw under the tree tray, cover the soil to prevent fire and promote decay; film covering can maintain soil moisture, reduce water evaporation and increase ground temperature. Promotes early fruit ripening and can control weeds in orchards.

The southern Sichuan region is generally carried out in February and March. When covering, it can be covered by a tree row or only under the tree disk. Especially for newly planted fruit trees, film coverage has a significant effect on improving the survival rate of planting.
Actively promote efficient irrigation

The traditional flood irrigation is not only a waste of water, but also the accumulation of water for a long time causes the root system to be in a poorly breathing environment, which will adversely affect the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to actively promote the improvement of ground irrigation such as alternate furrow irrigation, tree tray irrigation and drip irrigation in combination with local natural and social conditions.

Alternate furrow irrigation is to excavate two ditches 10-20 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from the trunk of the tree. When the water source is convenient, one side is poured once, and the other side is poured at intervals of 3-5 days. Inconveniently, both sides can be poured at the same time; rapid furrow irrigation has little damage to the soil structure, and the root system can quickly return to normal breathing, which is a ground irrigation method worthy of promotion.

In addition, water source and water pressure conditions are best equipped with drip irrigation, simple sprinkler irrigation (spray water) and other water-saving irrigation facilities; drip irrigation under the membrane is a more water-saving method, and has water retention, promote tree growth, etc. The comprehensive effects of various aspects have proved that this is an important measure for the development of intensive and efficient agriculture.
In spring flowering period, the amount of water needed is small, and the amount of irrigation can be less. It is better to use 60~70 cm of infiltrated soil layer. The growth period is to prevent the quick-acting chemical fertilizer from leaking into the deep soil. The dry wind is easy to make the fruit trees pump, and the irrigation amount should be larger. It is better to use 100 cm of infiltrated soil layer; and the water should not be too dense after long drought, so as to prevent Fruit trees cause human ravages.

Applying Shiquanchunfei

Applying good spring fertilizer is conducive to promoting spring shoots, improving the quality of flowers, and laying the foundation for high yield and stable production.

The spring fertilizer of the fruit tree can be made by special fertilizer for fruit trees or active tree fertilizer. It can be combined with 500-1000 kg of clear manure water to apply the tree drip as the boundary, and then cover the fertilization nest to promote germination, shoot and flowering.

For the management of saplings, the application should be carried out in a diligent manner and thinly fertilized. Once every half a month, the fresh manure water should be added with 1-2 urea (2 to 4 strains). When the shoots are blown out, the amount of branches and leaves is already available. Nitrogen fertilizer, more phosphorus, potassium, and full of shoots, early results. Potassium can promote roots and root water. Under normal circumstances, the fruit tree can be sprayed 2-3 times 0.2c/o-0.3c/o potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1000-2000 times boron fertilizer solution, which can effectively reduce leaf transpiration.

Control tree load

Under drought conditions, reasonable plastic trimming can reduce leaf transpiration, increase photosynthetic efficiency, and promote root growth.

It is advisable to adopt a tree shape with densely dense, dense outer and dense inner branches and dense branches, and timely perform shaving, bud, sparse, twisting and the like to reduce the crown and reduce water evaporation.

Pay attention to fruit thinning and fruit thinning, adjust fruit tree load, reduce nutrient water consumption, promote root development and enhance drought resistance.

Control pests and diseases

Under drought conditions, the period and extent of pests and diseases are quite different from normal years. Therefore, we should comprehensively control the pests and diseases of fruit trees from the aspects of strengthening pest detection and reducing the long-term residues of chemical pesticides on fruit trees: scraping bark in early spring, cleaning the leaves of the orchard, burning intensively, reducing the number of pests and diseases; Apply 3 to 5 Baume's stone sulphur mixture to kill overwintering bacteria and pests; in the growing season, it is necessary to grasp the occurrence of various pests and diseases in time, and use low-toxic and pollution-free pesticides to eliminate and treat the best period of pest control. Increase tree potential and improve the ability of trees to resist pests and diseases.

Pay attention to the spraying time and avoid spraying at noon at high temperature to avoid phytotoxicity.