How companies prevent pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational disease that seriously endangers the health of workers. The key to controlling and reducing pneumoconiosis lies in prevention. China not only stipulated the allowable concentration of dust in the air of production sites, but also promulgated a series of policies, decrees and measures to prevent dust hazards. Over the years, China has summed up measures of “getting,” “water,” “secret,” “wind,” “protect,” “pipe,” “teaching,” and “checking,” to prevent pneumoconiosis and achieve good results. .

"Chang" means technological innovation and technological transformation of the production process;

"Water" means wet work;

"Dense" is the source of closed dust;

"Wind" means ventilation and dust removal;

"Protecting" means doing a good job of personal protection;

"Management" means maintenance and management of dust-proof equipment ^ establish dust-proof rules and regulations;

"Teaching" is to strengthen publicity and education so that operators can consciously abide by the various systems for preventing pneumoconiosis.

"Check" means regular dust measurement and health check and evaluation.

Specifically, there are the following points:

(I) Improve production process and dust prevention equipment:

1 Mechanization, automation, remote control production. This is a good way to reduce the amount of manual labor, labor intensity, and reduce the amount of direct breathing or inhalation of dust. It is also an effective measure to reduce the exposure to dust. In terms of automation, such as automatic scales, automatic loaders, and automatic lifting devices.

2 Set up a local exhaust system. The most effective way to prevent dust and other harmful substances from contaminating indoor air is to trap them directly at the workplace where the pests are located, and to purify them to the outside. This ventilation method is called local exhaust. The local exhaust system requires a small amount of air and has a good effect, and should be given priority in design.

The local exhaust system consists of four parts: a local exhaust hood that traps harmful substances, a duct that transports dust-laden air, a purification device, and a fan that provides power to the exhaust system of the exhaust.

3 ventilation dust. If local exhaust air cannot be used due to the limitation of production conditions, or the source of the hazardous material is not fixed, or the local exhaust air is used, the concentration of indoor harmful substances still exceeds the hygienic standard. In this case, full ventilation can be used. Total ventilation is to ventilate the whole workshop or workplace. Fresh air is supplied by diluting the entire pest concentration to the maximum allowable concentration with fresh air. The amount of air required for full ventilation is much higher than that for local exhaust, and the corresponding equipment is also: Large.

4 Wet operation. Regardless of metal mines or coal mines, the most important current method of dust prevention is to keep water open (along with effective ventilation). Based on experience, it is proven that at the current technical level, only extensive use of water can make mine air The dust concentration is greatly reduced. For example, the wet work of the factory includes wet grinding or crushing, the use of wet raw materials, spraying, and watering.

5 Improve the process. The use of dust-free, low dust new technologies, new processes, new equipment. For example, increasing the wind pressure in rock drilling can increase the impact force during rock drilling, so the perforation speed is high. The broken rock will not be able to be crushed again and it will be discharged. This kind of large-grained dust is better than powdery fines. Mine dust has little harm to the human body.

(2) Dust-proof equipment shall be maintained and overhauled in a timely manner to prevent dust deposition in the workshop.

The dust-generating equipment is sealed and the bearings are easily damaged due to dust intrusion. In addition, some dusts have large friction, and the closed pipes and dust cover are easily worn. Therefore, it is very important to timely repair and maintain the dust-proof effect. Efficient and stable operation. Dust deposits can be prevented by sweeping roadways, workshops, etc.

(c) Adjust working hours.

Adjusting the working hours includes shortening the working hours, shortening the time of daily exposure to dust, or adjusting the working hours of workers, so that they can work during periods of low dust generation. For example, underground mine blasting can be carried out after off duty, while workers only work on three faces on the second day; sandblasting, lightening and other processes of the foundry are separately scheduled for night production.

(4) Strengthen personal protection and pay attention to dust in the living quarters such as workers' quarters and canteens.

(e) enhance the body's resistance to disease.

1 Strengthen nutrition and use health benefits rationally.

2 Take care to prevent colds, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. These diseases will reduce the body resistance of workers. In particular, tuberculosis will cause the development of silicosis. Therefore, flood prevention should be done.

3 increase the sun, light irradiation. This method can enhance workers' immunity. Because the ultraviolet rays produced can promote new thanks and increase human resistance. However, before the irradiation, we must pay attention to the contraindications of the sun and light irradiation.

4 Safe and quiet sleep.

5 Regularly disengaged from dust operations and rotation jobs. Some people think that the lungs have a self-purification effect when they stop smoking. Then, the sick workers are transferred to dust-free work environment, which is not simply a preventive effect, but also plays a therapeutic role to some extent.

6 Properly perform light physical labor and sports activities, and insist on doing broadcast gymnastics and breathing exercises every day.

(6) Industry management should be strengthened, strict health supervision and environmental monitoring systems should be established, and dust prevention agencies should be established and improved, including evaluation of dust-proof measures.

(7) Do a good job in pre-employment and regular medical examinations, take regular chest radiographs, and regularly follow up on operators who have separated from dust.

(8) Pay attention to employment contraindications. For example, people with upper respiratory diseases, bronchial and lung diseases, especially those with tuberculosis and cardiovascular diseases, must not engage in dusting operations.

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