Xiao Zhang first bought a house and for the first time faced with the decoration problem, he was a little overwhelmed during the renovation budget. Some enthusiastic decorating company salesmen took the initiative to come to his new home to measure the area, make decoration budgets, and face a similar budget for decoration. He didn't know what to do with that one. Looking at the price of materials on the long quotation, he did not know the market conditions and did not know whether there was anything tricky. Xiao Zhang usually went to work very busy, so he found a wealth of experience in fitting the old king pointing. Lao Wang: The decorating company generally calculates the total decoration costs based on the actual material prices and labor costs. Specific costs should include main materials, auxiliary materials, labor costs, design fees, management fees and taxes. As the variety of decorating materials and the price of the market change rapidly, it is difficult to regulate with the quota when making the budget. The number of renovation projects and project quantities are the direct factors that affect the entire renovation and construction cost. The choice of building materials, construction techniques and grades of decoration are the key factors affecting the construction cost. At the same time, the decoration companies have different charging standards because of different qualifications and scales. The budget for decorating is a science. Consumers should master points in reviewing budgets and avoid spending money. In general, the following points should be noted. Find out the actual decorating area Consumers should act according to their own economic conditions. Do not blindly compare, first meet the basic use of features at the same time and then consider the shape of the home, the atmosphere and other factors. Well-planned and rational design is the primary factor in saving the decoration fee, and what is the focus of the decoration must first be known. Before the budget is made, the plan of the house to be renovated is a must. Because the quotation is based on the specific dimensions, materials and technological conditions in the drawings, the budget will be very different if the drawings are inaccurate. Consumers are advised to measure the area of ​​the house first and carefully check it. Do not listen to the area reported by the decorating company after the measurement. At the same time, the living room, bedroom, restaurant, kitchen, bathroom and other use requirements and facilities are determined on the drawings. List your project by yourself and estimate it based on market prices to arrive at a budget. Consumers must carefully read the drawings and quotations provided by the interior decoration company. They must pay attention to whether or not the renovation projects have been listed in full, and cannot just look at the final price. Mastering material prices and construction processes The cost of decoration materials accounted for a large proportion of the cost of building materials, so consumers should strictly control. Consumers should be able to master the prices of some main materials, such as solid wood and laminate flooring, wall paint, wall and floor tiles, sanitary ware, and kitchen cabinets. For drawings and quotations provided by the decoration company, the dimensions, practices, materials (including models, brands), and prices of the project must be clearly defined. If you see the quotation of “Nippon Paint 40 yuan/square meterâ€, consumers have the right to require the decorating company to specify it again, because Nippon Paint is just a brand, and it has many series of products. Divided into several categories, and each category has different colors, prices vary widely. For example, Nippon Sanhe and Nippon Meideli, although they are all Nippon Paints, the prices are almost the same. In addition, the specific construction process of the material must also be clarified. For example, the general theory of “one end and ten sides†of the oil industry process has many ambiguities. If “one end†refers to the primer instead of the putty, the price of the material and the work shall be It will be expensive. Reasonable negotiation of labor costs Decoration labor costs due to the difficulty of renovation, craft level and other differences and there is a great deal of flexibility, should be determined according to the specific circumstances. For the contractor does not include materials for the decoration, it should be based on the material price, such as paint the same price, nail wood line one yuan a meter and so on. In fact, this accounting method will expose consumers to a lot of risks. If the workers use their materials, the cost of labor and materials will rise. Before signing the contract, many consumers review the quotation list and often think that there is room for bargaining for labor costs. In fact, this kind of thinking often brings about many unnecessary expenses. It is not necessary to excessively reduce the labor cost because the general professional decorating companies have certain standards for the collection of their labor costs. They will measure the length of the construction period, the construction area, the construction requirements, and the difficulty of construction. A reasonable fee. If consumers simply lower the labor cost, the result is only to let the construction workers' direct interests suffer losses, thereby planting "shelter" foreshadowed. For example, the water paint for furniture only brushed twice, and the latex paint on the wall only brushed twice. And so on, because for the average consumer, it is impossible to distinguish between the two- and three-passed walls. In the process of decorating and negotiating, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific calculation of labor costs, but do not think that the lower the cost of labor, the more cost-effective, not to the end "have lost sesame seeds lost watermelon." Renovation Budget Knowledge Entrance Decorating Decorating House Decorating Design Door Price Living Room Wall Color House Decoration Budget List Decoration Expense Budget Decoration Living Room Flooring Cupboard Door Kitchen Cabinet Door Bathroom Door Bathroom Door Size Bathroom Size Overall Bathroom Toilet Design Bathroom Floor Tile Dining Room Furniture Bedroom Decoration Home
Low carbon USS flat washers, typically used with Grade 8 or hardened steel bolting, are used under bolt heads or nuts to increase the bearing surface area, or to offer protection so that the nut or bolt can be rotated without distortion of the bearing surface. Flat washers are also used to give tightness to a joint, to prevent leakage, and especially to distribute pressure under the head of a bolt or nut. Dimensional specifications are governed by ASME B18.21.1. USS (United States Standard) flat washers have a larger outer diameter than SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) flat washers, and can be utilized in nearly any application. ASTM F844 covers the standard specifications for unhardened steel flat washers for general use. Available in zinc plated finish. Zinc plating sacrifices itself, corroding before the base material, offering added corrosion resistance.
If you need more information or want to order washers, please contact us. Carbon Steel Gasket,Zinc Coated Washers,Galvanized Steel Washers,Galvanized Plate Washers Taizhou Hongchuang Hardware Co., Ltd. , https://www.taizhouhongchuang.com