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Optical new materials and biomolecular tracking applications are hot research
Since the implementation of NNI, the United States has made breakthroughs in basic research in nanotechnology. In applied research and product development, the United States has developed rapidly in four hotspots, including semiconductor chips, cancer diagnostics, new optical materials, and biomolecular tracking. Among them, the application of optical new materials and biomolecular tracking is a hot topic.
Microelectronics Manufacturing: Lithography
In the field of semiconductor chips, American nanotechnology experts currently make nanoscale semiconductor materials into transistors. In this way, more transistors can be accommodated on one chip, which makes the chip operation speed thousands of times higher than the traditional silicon chip. This research direction became more and more hot in applied research after a fundamental breakthrough was made in 2001.
In 2002, IBM developed a high-performance carbon nanotube transistor, which was fabricated into a terabit memory using micro-mechanical electronic system technology. In the manufacture of integrated circuit chips, ultra-ultra lithography technology was also applied to make the chip manufacturing realized. Micron to nanotechnology leap. In the near future, molecular electronics technology will completely replace microelectronics technology, and chip manufacturing will enter the era of molecular nanotechnology.
Structural Chemistry: Nano Biotechnology
At present, scientists in the United States are studying recombinant DNA molecules. This study is of pioneering significance for deconstructing and measuring new gene sequencing. In the field of biomolecular tracking, scientists "stick" certain nanoparticles to biomolecules, and then use the luminescence properties of nanoparticles to study the traces of biomolecules. This is very useful for studying the activities of HIV and other people in the human body. Research is expected to achieve breakthroughs within a few years.
Nanotechnology: applied to more fields
In terms of micro-mechanical systems, the United States has successfully developed controllable nano-motors, nano-motors, nano-lasers, nano-springs, etc. The controllable nanomotors developed by the company are made of a spin protein fragment with a width of only 11 nanometers. It can be used to drive nanomachines such as drug delivery systems in the future. In addition, the application of nanometers in the energy field has also become a new focus, and nano-hydrogen storage technology has become a key project. The American academic community has focused on finding nanomaterial fibers that may be used for hydrogen storage. The relevant laboratories have made hydrogen storage fibers have an average diameter of 35 nanometers.
At the same time, the hotspots in the medical field have potential applications for nanomedicine robots, nano-targeted drug carriers, and applications of nanotechnology in genetic engineering protein synthesis. Development hotspots in applications in the field of microelectronics and information technology, including nanoelectronic component diodes, nanosensors, etc. A hotspot in the chemical industry is the use of nanomaterials to improve the performance of catalysts, including catalysts for fuel cells.
“National Nanotechnology Program†spawns new economic growth points
In the past few years since the implementation of the National Nanotechnology Program, the United States has successfully maintained its leading position in the field of nanotechnology, and at the same time, it has spawned new economic growth points through the industrial cooperation of nanotechnology.
1. Coordinate the R&D investment of various departments to promote cooperation and resource sharing
NNI has successfully coordinated investments in the fields of nanotechnology development from the federal government to various levels of government and government. The participating departments support technology research and development from cutting-edge basic research to market-oriented. In addition, various departments have established a set of priority collaborative projects and shared resources through cooperation mechanisms, which have effectively promoted the development of nanotechnology in the United States.
The Albany Nano Center is one of the world's largest research and development centers for nanotechnology. The center is dedicated to accelerating the commercialization of high-tech products at the State University of New York at Albany. By providing support services such as technology incubation and integration testing, the center helps companies overcome the obstacles of technology, market and business development, and forms a large-scale R&D and production layout of nanotechnology products, becoming a state government, federal government, research institutes and industries. A model of cooperation in the world.
Second, strengthen the construction of nanotechnology infrastructure and provide hardware support
In fiscal 2002-2003, NNI launched an initiative called "National Nanotechnology Infrastructure, Network." This action, in conjunction with the construction of the Center for Excellence in Nanotechnology, focuses on integrating existing resources, concentrating efforts, and improving and upgrading the level of infrastructure. The purpose is to build a system of equipment support in the United States that can ensure the effective research and application of nanotechnology. By 2005, more than 50% of national research institutions nationwide were equipped with the facilities needed for nano research.
Third, the basic and applied research are two-pronged, cross-integration of various disciplines
In terms of basic research, NNI takes advantage of the scientific research advantages of national laboratories and universities, invests considerable human and financial resources, and focuses on research in biological systems, nanodevices and systems. In terms of applied research, it clearly shows the characteristics of the country and industry.
The multidisciplinary research model produced by NNI greatly improves the efficiency of basic research and makes applied research more influential. The cross-integration and coordinated development of nanotechnology and information technology and biotechnology have enabled the results of basic research to become the basis for application technology and promote technological leap.
Fourth, focus on the transformation of results, seize the market opportunity
As a fundamental emerging field, the industry has a strong demand for nanotechnology, especially in the fields of information technology and biopharmaceuticals. While NNI emphasizes the transformation of research results into innovative technologies as soon as possible, the most basic way for US nanotechnology transfer behavior is from research and development to product production, sales and service extension.
5. Prioritize the cultivation of nano-skilled personnel
A highly skilled employment force is critical to the development of nanotechnology. NNI places the training of nano-knowledge education and professional and technical personnel at the forefront of future work. Currently, 25% of research universities in the United States offer courses in nanoscience and engineering, and students in the 12th grade (3rd grade) also receive education in nanotechnology.
In 2000, the United States officially released the National Nanotechnology Program (NNI), proposing the strategic goals and specific strategic deployment of developing nanotechnology, marking the United States entering a new stage of comprehensively promoting the development of nanotechnology. NNI is an inter-departmental systems engineering program designed to ensure the US's leadership in nanotechnology and support the country's economic competitiveness.