Cosmetics is a variety of raw materials through a reasonable deployment of processing from the compound mixture. Cosmetics with a wide range of raw materials, different performance. According to the Raw Material properties and uses of cosmetics, can be divided into matrix materials and auxiliary raw materials in two categories. The former is a class of cosmetics in the main raw materials, cosmetics in the possession of a large proportion of the cosmetics play a major role in the role of the material. The latter is the formation of cosmetics, stability or to give color, smell and other characteristics of the role of these substances in the cosmetic formula is not used, but it is extremely important. Cosmetics are natural, synthetic or extracted from the role of different substances as raw materials, by heating, mixing and emulsification and other production processes processed from the chemical mixture.
Cosmetic Raw Materials Cosmetic Raw Materials,Hyaluronic Acid Cosmetic Grade,Arbutin Cosmetic Raw Material,Isosorbide Dimethyl Ether SHANDONG ZHISHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD , https://www.zhishangchemical.com
Coated tools have become the hallmark of modern cutting tools, and their use in tools has exceeded 50%. Various tools used in cutting, including turning tools, boring tools, drills, reamers, broaches, taps, thread combs, rolling heads, milling cutters, forming tools, gear hobs and pinchers, etc. A coating process is used to improve its performance.
Most of the coated tools on the market are mainly hard alloy coatings, and there are fewer high-speed steel coating tools, which is related to the cost of high-speed steel tools and the performance of the base material.
Test process
Our company made PVD coating tests on taps and hobs.
(1) Tap test. Tool: high-speed steel machine tap M16-H2; coating: PVD technology TiAlCrN, thickness 2 ~ 4μm; processing workpiece: loader rear frame (see Figure 1); material: Q345B; number of threaded holes: 8 M16-6H ↓ 16, 2 M16-6H↓12.
Test method: 5 coated taps and 5 ordinary taps were used to machine the workpieces. The same cutting parameters were used because the base materials were the same. Study the life of the tap and the quality of the workpiece.
Processing comparison: The comparison of tap and processing quality is shown in Figure 2.
figure 1
(a) ordinary tap (b) coated tap
(c) Ordinary tap processing thread (d) coated tap processing thread
figure 2
The tap life pairs are shown in Table 1.
(2) Hob test. Tool: high speed steel gear hob m4.25; coating: PVD technology TiAlCrN, thickness 2 ~ 4μm; processing workpiece: gearbox one gear reverse gear (see Figure 3); material: ZG310-570; number of teeth: 57; Width: 40.5mm.
image 3
Test method: Three new coated hobs and three new common hobs were used to machine the workpieces, using the same cutting parameters. Study the life of the hob before the first sharpening and the quality of the workpiece.
Processing comparison: The comparison of hob and processing quality is shown in Figure 4.
(a) coating hob (b) ordinary hob
(c) Coating hob machining (d) Ordinary hob machining
Figure 4
The hob life pair is shown in Table 2.
2. Data and cost analysis
(1) Tap life and cost analysis.
The sum of the lifespan of the five coated taps is 327 ÷ 173 = 1.87 times the sum of the lifespan of the five common taps.
M16 tap market price is about 30 yuan, coating price is about 15 yuan, the cost is reduced to
[(1-30+15)÷(30× 1.87)]×100%=20%
Compared with ordinary taps, the coated taps have a life improvement of 1.87 times and a cost reduction of 20%.
The threaded hole processed by the coated tap has a significantly improved surface roughness quality.
(2) Hob life cost analysis.
The total life of the three coated hobs is 110÷46=2.39 times the total life of the three common hobs.
The hob market price is about 800 yuan, it can be sharpened about 20 times, the coating price is about 150 yuan, the actual cost is
(150+800/20)/(800/20× 2.39)=1.99 times
Compared with the ordinary hob, the coating hob has a life improvement of 2.39 times and the cost has increased to 1.99 times.
Coated Hobs Compared to conventional hobs, coated hobs have better surface quality and fewer burrs.
3. Conclusion
According to the comparative analysis of the test, we can see that the application of PVD cermet coating on the tool of high-speed steel base material can increase the tool life by about 1 time, and the surface quality of the workpiece will be improved to some extent.
However, depending on the cost of the tool, whether it can bring substantial benefits to the enterprise in the actual application process depends on the different situations of the enterprise.
references:
[1] Xie Hong. Development and Application of PVD Coating Technology for Cutting Tools[J]. Cemented Carbide, 2002, 19(1): 14-17.