Over the past decade, there have been more than a dozen high-power CO2 lasers imported from abroad. At present, domestically produced equipment has basically replaced imports. The development and production units of high-power lasers include Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Shenyang Electromechanical Design Institute, and Beijing Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The units that have undertaken national 863 scientific research projects and contributed to the application of laser heat treatment include Shenyang Metal Institute, Beijing Machine Tool Institute, Beijing Mechanical and Electrical Research Institute, Beijing Mechanical and Electrical Institute of the former Ministry of Machinery, and Changchun Machinery Research Institute. The Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the former Ministry of Machinery and the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly developed a 15KW electron beam heat treatment device. 2.2.2.7 Strict control of heat treatment quality The increasingly strict control of product quality is one of the main features of the development of modern heat treatment technology. This is the result of the increasingly precise research of metallurgical laws, the long-term progress of testing sensing technology and instrument manufacturing, and the inevitable result of the popularization and application of electronic computers. The progress made by China in this respect is mainly reflected in the following aspects. 1) The automation process of the process adopts the sequencer or microprocessor to realize the automatic production process of charging, heating, cooling, cleaning, tempering, unloading and other processes according to the requirements of the heat treatment process. Some cars, tractors, bearings, Large-volume production companies such as fasteners are put into use. Large-scale continuous carburizing, quenching, tempering production lines and sealed multi-purpose furnace production lines in the automotive industry mostly use microprocessor-controlled automation. There are also many successful experiences in program control operations with sequencers or microcomputers on vacuum heat treatment equipment. 2) Strict control of process parameters Strict control of heat treatment process parameters such as time, temperature, furnace gas withdrawal and pressure, concentration of quenching medium, impurities and cooling rate (degree of agitation) can maintain stable high quality of the workpiece. The surface quality of the workpiece, the surface and core hardness, the infiltration element concentration and gradient of the layer, and the depth of the layer can be effectively controlled. In China, due to the popularity of thyristor temperature control and PID instrumentation, the temperature control accuracy of general heat treatment resistance furnace (800 ~ 1000 °C) can reach ± ​​5 ° C, or even ± 2 ° C. The infrared gas analyzer and the computer can control the gas pressure of the CO2, CO, and CH 4 in the furnace gas to achieve an accuracy of ±0.02. At present, the temperature control technology of thyristors has reached a considerable popularity, and controllers of various specifications are available on the market. Attempts by some universities, research institutes and enterprises to develop digital models based on process parameters and quality relationships with computers have been successful, and some of the results have been applied in production. 3) Strict quality management Through the quality management conducted by the heat treatment industry association, the company has passed the training of enterprises, standardized enterprise selection activities and quality inspectors. At the beginning of this century, the production management and quality management level of heat treatment enterprises have been significantly improved. Most enterprises pay attention to improving the quality inspection conditions. Except for state-owned enterprises, most private enterprises have purchased metallographic microscopes, hardness testers, magnetic particle flaw detectors, and a few enterprises are also equipped with spectroscopes and quantitative metallographic microscopes. The technical workers of the two types of enterprises and most of the surveyed enterprises have been trained and certified to work, and established various management systems such as heat treatment process cards, process cards, inspection procedures, quality archives, and actively implement heat treatment quality management standards and Determination of the effective heating zone of the heat treatment furnace and various process standards. Due to the strict regulations of these process conditions, the standardization of process operations, and the improvement of the quality of employees, the quality dispersion of heat treatment parts of these enterprises has been gradually reduced, and the qualification rate of products has increased to over 98%. By the end of 2003, nearly 1,000 enterprises have passed ISO9000 certification. , accounting for 6% of the total number of enterprises in the whole industry, accounting for about 20% of the total number of enterprises with a turnover of more than 5 million yuan. 2.2.2.8 Heat treatment specialization production flourishes Since the implementation of the market economy in the country, since 1995, the development of specialized production of heat treatment has been rapid, mainly in the rapid growth of private-owned, joint-stock franchise heat treatment processing enterprises. In 2003, the total number of such enterprises mainly concentrated in coastal cities was at least 2,000. In recent years, private heat treatment enterprises in North China, Northeast China and the Mainland have also seen a significant growth trend. The national heat treatment professional factory is likely to reach 3,000. The average annual turnover of each enterprise is 2 million yuan. The annual turnover of such enterprises in the country can reach 6 billion yuan, accounting for about 20% of the total turnover of national heat treatment. This ratio is greater than 10% in the US and less than 30% in Japan. It is undeniable that this is the greatest achievement in the past few years since the country promoted specialized production in the 1980s, and it is also the inevitable outcome of deepening reform and promoting the socialist market economy. 2.2.2.9 Heat treatment production technical transformation and equipment renewal Most private companies recognize the importance of a high-tech starting point to maintain a strong competitive edge. They have sufficient funds and ability to purchase advanced heat treatment equipment. Aviation, weapons and shipbuilding enterprises have benefited from the national defense modernization policy in recent years, and have carried out large-scale technological transformation and equipment renewal. The unprecedented development of the automotive industry has created a large demand for advanced heat treatment technology and high-precision heat treatment equipment. Aviation industry enterprises and coastal private enterprises with light industrial products and molds as the main target have added a large number of vacuum heat treatment equipment in recent years, especially high-pressure gas quenching equipment. . Automobiles, weapons industry enterprises and private enterprises with automobile and motorcycle parts as the main targets use the multi-purpose furnace production line as the main technical transformation content. The heat treatment department of individual automobile companies also introduced a low-pressure carburizing and high-pressure gas quenching heat treatment production line. Shipbuilding enterprises are aiming at the technical transformation of large-scale well carburizing furnaces with precise control of the carbon potential of the blast furnace temperature uniformity. Among these enterprises, due to the vigorous development of production technology, the proportion of less oxidation heat treatment has reached more than 90%. Basically, advanced heat treatment production with less oxidation, less distortion, less pollution, less waste, less labor, and no mass dispersion is realized. 2.2.2.10 heat treatment equipment manufacturing has a turn During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, due to the financial constraints of state-owned enterprises, the climax of heat treatment equipment has not yet arisen. Moreover, due to the entry of foreign-funded enterprises, the competition in the domestic heat treatment equipment market has become fierce, which has left many technologies behind, and enterprises with poor management are on the verge of bankruptcy. Since the "10th Five-Year Plan", the emergence of a large number of private enterprises has greatly increased the demand for equipment. Even low-level equipment has been sold well and saved a group of electric furnace manufacturers. The entry of foreign-funded enterprises and the high-tech starting point of users have also enabled many equipment manufacturers to make great efforts to improve their product grades and win users. It is worth mentioning that many equipment manufacturing enterprises should adopt high-quality matching parts and instruments according to user requirements. Among them, there are many international famous brand products, which have significantly improved the reliability of domestically produced equipment, and created a good technological transformation and equipment renewal for heat treatment processing enterprises. condition. 2.3 Progress in heat treatment standardization Before the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the basis of heat treatment standards was very weak. Before 1980, there were only 12 metallurgical quality standards for steel in the national standard and YB. There were only 8 heat treatment standards in the machine standard (JB), and most of them were product quality inspection standards. Since the reform and opening up, especially after the introduction of the equivalent adoption of the international standard policy, standard work including heat treatment standards has seen a new situation. Standardization agencies in all government departments have special personnel responsible for heat treatment standardization. The plan for the revision of 94 national and ministerial standards is listed in the proposed heat treatment standard system table. During the period from 1981 to 1985, a total of 21 standards were revised. In order to standardize the work of cross-sectoral and cross-regional industry management, and to mobilize more extensive forces to achieve standard modernization as soon as possible, the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Technical Supervision Quality Inspection and Quarantine Bureau) decided in 1985 to establish the nationality of various industries. Standardization Technical Committee. In March 1986, under the auspices of the National Standards Bureau, the first cross-industry cross-sector heat treatment standardization technical committee consisting of 30 members and consultants was established. The Secretariat is located at the Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Ministry of Machinery Industry. In 1991, the second committee was re-elected. In 1997 and 2001, he was reelected as the 3rd and 4th committees. The main tasks of the committee are: to propose the policy recommendations for the standardization work of the industry to the competent national authorities, formulate the industry standard system table, propose long-term planning and annual work plan, organize the revision and revision of the industry standard projects, and review the national standard of the industry. And the draft of the standard, and technically check, responsible for the standard implementation, interpretation, consultation, award recommendations for standard results. After nearly 20 years of hard work, 76 national standards and standards have been revised. Most of the contents are general technical standards and process standards for heat treatment, excluding product quality standards. Most of them are national standard heat treatment general technical standards. In the domestic and international trade negotiations, the organization and properties of metal materials after heat treatment have a function. Recognized quality and quality criteria, product quality inspection methods also have a common yardstick. The newly developed heat treatment process standard can be used to strictly control the production conditions (equipment accuracy, reliability and maintenance, temperature, furnace gas, heating and cooling medium, etc.), which is an effective measure to achieve total quality management of heat treatment production. In recent years, the acceptance inspection activities organized by the National Thermal Standards Committee for heat treatment have improved the enthusiasm of enterprises to implement heat treatment standards, improved the production management and quality management of enterprises, and improved the reputation, efficiency and core competition of enterprises. ability. 2.4 Industry, academic groups China's national heat treatment industry and academic group are China Heat Treatment Industry Association (English name is CHINAHEATTREATMENTASSOCIATION, referred to as CHTA) and China Society of Mechanical Engineering Heat Treatment Society (English name is JOURNALHEATTREATMENTSOCIETY, CMES, referred to as CHTS). 2.4.1 China Society of Mechanical Engineering Heat Treatment Society Founded in 1936, the China Society of Mechanical Engineering has 29 professional societies and 30 local provincial and municipal societies. It is the largest academic group in the country. The Heat Treatment Society was established in 1963. The first chairman was the former vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the late Professor Zhou Zhihong. Currently the eighth council. The purpose of the Society is to focus on the development of disciplines and technological advancement in the industry. Learn to set up academic, editorial, publishing, consulting and training, youth, Zhou Zhihong Award Fund 5 working committees, physical metallurgy, chemical heat treatment, cooling technology, controlled atmosphere heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment, typical parts heat treatment, induction heat treatment, computer application, high energy 11 technical committees such as density heat treatment and surface technology, the permanent establishment of the Society is the secretariat, and is affiliated to the Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the former Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main tasks of the Society are to carry out academic exchanges at home and abroad, edit and publish "metal heat treatment", "Journal of Metal Materials Heat Treatment", "China Heat Treatment Technology Newsletter" and other publications, regularly organize, edit and publish "heat treatment manual" and other professional reference books, teaching Use books, technical books, conference proceedings, regular international exhibitions, organize continuing education and training, undertake project demonstrations, assessments, consultations, scientific and technological achievements appraisal, organize technical problems, and promote scientific and technological achievements. The Society became a member of the International Federation of Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE) in 1981, successfully hosted the 1983 IFHTSE Third International Conference (Shanghai), the 14th Congress in 2004 (Shanghai), and the 4th in 1993. International Heat Treatment Symposium (Beijing), 2003 International Conference on Quenching Cooling and Distortion (Beijing). Academician Lei Tingquan, the third president of the Society, was elected as the chairman of the 11th Executive Committee (1994~1995) of IFHTSE. 2.4.2 China Heat Treatment Industry Association The predecessor of the China Heat Treatment Industry Association was the Heat Treatment Professional Association of China Machinery Industry Association, which was established in July 1986. The background of the association was established by the government authorities to build bridges between the government and enterprises, consolidate and develop the results of professional collaboration, improve the management of enterprises, improve the product quality and economic benefits of enterprises, and implement macro-control for the future government. (Public industry) to implement the basis of industry management. Therefore, the members of the association are enterprises. In order to streamline the organization and reduce the level, the Ministry of Machinery decided in 1989 to withdraw the Craft Association and recommended that the former professional association be upgraded to a first-level association. To this end, the China Heat Treatment Industry Association was established in 1991 with the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The Council is the authority of the Association, elected by the member representative assembly. The Secretariat is the office and is located at (Beijing) Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The first chairman of the association was Deputy Minister Lu Yanwei of the former Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main task of the Heat Association is to conduct investigation and analysis of the basic situation of the enterprise, formulate industry development plans, and provide recommendations for decision-making by government departments. Promote horizontal integration and professional collaboration between industries, provide consulting services for enterprises, provide technical and economic intelligence and market information, organize exchanges of experience in business management and production technology transformation between enterprises, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of members, and resolve and arbitrate members. Economic disputes, training of workers and technicians, promotion and implementation of new standards for heat treatment in member units, and international information exchange and cooperation. The China Thermal Association has six working committees under the management, process equipment, process materials, education and training, consulting services, and external liaison, and carries out activities in accordance with the resolutions of the Council and the plan of the Secretariat. The China Heat Association holds a heat treatment plant manager and manager meeting every year, and a local heat association secretary-general meeting. In recent years, we have focused on improving the quality management level of enterprises, production technology transformation and equipment renewal. This is achieved through the development of quality management trustworthy corporate and heat treatment regulated corporate activities. The China Thermal Association conducted a nationwide industry survey with the cooperation of local hotspots, and achieved a successful result, laying a foundation for the formulation of long-term planning for the entire industry. The China Thermal Association edited and published the "China Heat Treatment Yearbook" and several series of "Heat Treatment Workers Newsletter" and series of manuals, reference books, etc., and the Jiangxi Institute of Science and Technology Institute jointly held the "Foreign Metal Heat Treatment" magazine, and the Heat Treatment Society, Beijing Electromechanical Institute The Thermal Standards Committee jointly organized the "Metal Heat Treatment" and "Heat Treatment Technology Newsletter" to organize the formulation of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", "Ninth Five-Year Plan", "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" industry development plan, and the association organized for two years. Once the international exhibition of Beijing Heat Treatment, and the organization of member units and corporate leaders to Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries with advanced heat treatment technology, each time there is great gain. China Thermal Association has done a lot of service work for its members and enterprises for many years. It has played a role as a bridge and button between the government and the industry. It has played a role in formulating and organizing the implementation of industry planning, proposing goals and developing professional collaboration. The government's staff role has helped the government to manage the industry in improving corporate management, promoting the commercialization of scientific research products, helping enterprises to develop markets, solving problems, technological transformation, personnel training, improving management, promoting civilized production, and conducting international exchanges and cooperation. The role. Facts have proved that with the deepening of reforms and the development of world economic integration, the work of industry associations will become more and more important. 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