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Vegetables are generally short-term nutritional crops, which can be re-broadcast. Due to the short growing season, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much more than those with longer growing seasons and higher yields. Therefore, more quick-acting fertilizer should be applied during cultivation. Generally, roots that are deep and wide, have more roots, and root hair can absorb more nutrients, and the fertilization can be more extensive; while the roots are poorly developed, shallowly distributed, and poor in nutrient absorption, fine fertilization is required.
The root system of vegetable seedlings is still underdeveloped, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too much, but the fertilizer requirements are very high. Some thin quick-acting fertilizers should be applied appropriately. In the vegetable growth period and the fruiting period, a large amount of nutrients should be absorbed, and sufficient fertilizer must be supplied. Generally, measures such as staged topdressing, organic and inorganic fertilizer alternation, NPK fertilizer and micro-fertilizer balance, fertilization and irrigation are adopted to fully exert the fertilizer production increase effect.
According to the characteristics of fast growth of vegetables, weak roots and high yield, organic fertilizers should be combined with chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer not only provides a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also helps to increase yield and improve quality with the decomposition of organic fertilizer.
Different vegetables need to adopt different fertilization techniques and methods.
1. Leafy vegetables: Leafy vegetables mainly include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach, and leeks. Leaf-plant topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but at the same time of application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added. For example, when cultivated Chinese cabbage, two fertilizations before entering the rosette period and before the core are the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are coarse and hard, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to be convulsed early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late stage, the ball is often difficult to form.
2, fruit and vegetables: fruit and vegetables include melons, solanes and beans, and edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogen fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause long, but prolong the flowering result, leading to falling flowers and fruit; into the reproductive growth period, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase sharply, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is placed on the melon, it should be re-fertilized. Each batch of melon should be supplemented with a fertilizer.
3, root vegetables: root vegetables mainly include radishes, carrots, etc., edible parts are fleshy roots. In the early stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves; in the middle and late growth stages (the fleshy root growth period), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the assimilation of leaves should be promoted to the roots to form a strong fleshy root. . If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage of root vegetables, it is easy to make the aboveground part grow, the rhizome is small, the yield is decreased, and the quality is deteriorated.
It is advisable to apply organic fertilizer to the vegetables cultivated in the facility. Because greenhouses and other protected vegetables, the amount of fertilizer per unit area is much larger than that of exposed vegetables, and because there is no rainwater leaching, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, so that the nutrient concentration of the soil solution is too high, hindering the roots to absorb nutrients, so In the cultivation of vegetables in protected areas, full consideration should be given to the after-effects of the former glutinous fertilizers, the application of organic fertilizers, and the appropriate application of chemical fertilizers to avoid the damage of the sorghum vegetables due to the accumulation of salt.
Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is a new technology promoted in agricultural production today. According to different types of crops and different growth stages, formulating fertilization according to soil nutrient content can greatly increase the yield of crops and save production costs. A brief introduction to the fertilization methods for different types of vegetables is as follows:
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