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In fact, with what is called “metamaterialâ€, material scientists and physicists around the world are turning what is sounding “sci-fi†into reality: “invisible†aircraft, notebook-sized satellite antennas. Smart shoes that sense terrain, resilient ceramics that can be restored, protective walls that mitigate the effects of earthquakes or tsunamis, and more. 
The novelty of this metamaterial is that it exerts influence on material atoms and molecules through complex artificial means to change the mechanical properties of the material, and to bend light waves, radar waves, radio waves, sound waves and even seismic waves. This metamaterial is hailed by scientists as "a material made up of materials."
Last month, the term “electromagnetic metamaterials†was submitted to the National Standards Management Committee for approval, marking the country’s upcoming national standards in the field of metamaterials. At present, the global "Industry 4.0" process continues to deepen, and the "smart +" application field continues to expand. For Chinese companies that are in the leading position in the application of metamaterials, the pace is faster, the courage is bigger, and some strategies are emerging in the future. The field of industrial and artificial intelligence revolutions leads the world. Because there is no doubt that the future world will be built from metamaterials.
"Bending light, changing waves"
Super material performance magic
Materials, the foundation for the development of major industries in human society. As industrialization progresses, traditional high-performance materials are increasingly dependent on scarce resources, and attempts by scientists to find natural materials with super-physical properties in the natural world have had little effect. In this case, scientists realized that in order to obtain new functional materials that go beyond the limits of the performance of conventional materials, they must start a new stove.
In 2000, a novel experiment by physicist David Smith and his colleagues at the University of California, San Diego, changed the way material scientists around the world think about the physical world. In the test, a material using microwave technology successfully concealed a small cylinder of 5 cm in diameter, although this invisible range was only equivalent to a pea.
This experiment made the emergence of the "invisibility cloak" that appeared in the literary description and could not be realized according to the traditional laws of optics. It also announced the birth of metamaterials.
Then the question is coming - what exactly is metamaterial?
Metamaterials, known in English as Metamaterial, in which the Latin root "meta-" means "exceed, alternative" and so on. The definition of metamaterials given in the general literature is "artificial composite structures or composites with extraordinary physical properties not found in natural materials."
Let us start with a phenomenon that teachers will demonstrate from the middle school physics class: When a beam of light is obliquely incident into the water, it will produce incident and refracted light, which are on either side of the normal. Because of this reflection, we are able to see many objects in nature. Then, is there a medium in which the incident light and the refracted light are on the same side of the normal when the light is incident on the surface?
In fact, as early as 1968, the former Soviet theoretical physicist Veselago raised this question and theoretically predicted the above-mentioned "abnormal" phenomenon. It was only because there was no experimental verification, and at the beginning of the development of functional materials, people did not pay enough attention to the discovery of Fislag.
According to general relativity, both time and space can be "bent", and light in space can also be bent, provided that small enough "devices" are designed and fabricated. In recent years, along the theory of Fisslag, scientists have relied on artificial structures of several thousandths spaced apart by only 1 mm to assemble the unit structures (artificial and artificial) of materials through different combinations and Arrange and design a variety of metamaterials to realize the dream of bending light waves, radar waves, radio waves, sound waves and even seismic waves.
Today, metamaterial research is fermenting. The United States Science magazine listed it as one of the 10 important scientific advances in the first 10 years of this century, which triggered major changes in areas such as next-generation information technology, defense industry, new energy technology, and micro-processing technology.
Qun Xiong competes for you to chase me
International competition is increasingly fierce
This change has arrived. Governments, academia, and industry in developed countries have attached great importance to the research and development of metamaterial technology, formulated relevant plans, and invested a lot of manpower and material resources.
For example, the US Department of Defense has launched a research program on metamaterials. The six largest US semiconductor companies, Intel, AMD, and IBM, have also set up joint funds to fund research in this area. The US Department of Defense has listed it as one of the "six major subversive basic research fields." The EU has organized more than 50 top scientists in related fields to focus on research in this field and to provide high financial support. Japan has launched a research program at the time of the economic downturn, supporting at least two research projects on metamaterial technology, each of which is about 3 billion yen.
In the laboratories of scientists from various countries, many novel inventions have emerged.
Scientists in the United States have created a rebound ceramic tube that recovers after being compressed by 50% compared to conventional brittle and hard ceramics. This type of ceramic will be used in places where ordinary substances can't do anything, such as the insulation of space shuttles or jet engines.
In Germany, scientists have used a technique called "straight laser lithography" to make invisible pieces of material made of tiny plastic rods. The above-mentioned piece of invisible material is covered on the object, and under the observation of the infrared camera, the invisible material changes the speed of the light around the cover, so that the cover and the covered object disappear together. And the military agencies, including the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, are looking for this hidden technology to make the aircraft invisible within the scope of military radar detection.
French scientists have discovered the use of ultra-material walls and ground to precisely perforate to transfer seismic waves, allowing earthquakes and tsunami to deviate from buildings or towns for disaster reduction purposes.
Scientists in the Netherlands produce mechanically programmable smart rubber. Thanks to the control of the small switch and the special design, this smart rubber can be hardened or softened like an oversized sponge, and can be quickly transformed in these two stages even under extrusion. With this material, people will soon be able to wear shoes that can be automatically adjusted by sensing the softness of the ground.
At present, the pace of product conversion based on these experimental results is also accelerating. The development and utilization of products such as super material intelligent skinning, metamaterial radar antenna, absorbing materials, electronic countermeasure radar, metamaterial communication antenna, drone radar, and acoustic stealth technology have become the focus of competition among countries.
Joint efforts to focus on heavy application
China has an advantage in leading
Compared with the relatively scattered development model of many countries, China's development model in the field of metamaterials is more focused and powerful. China has established support for supermaterial research in projects such as the 863 Program, the 973 Program, the National Natural Science Foundation, and the New Materials Major Project. In the basic research of electromagnetic black hole, metamaterial stealth technology medium-based super material and acoustic negative refraction, Chinese enterprises have achieved many original achievements, and they have taken the lead in the world's super material industrialization competition.
Liu Ruopeng, who studied in the United States and published a paper on the new type of supermaterial wide-band invisibility cloak in Science, is undoubtedly the representative. In 2010, five international student teams led by Dr. Liu Ruopeng returned to China to establish Shenzhen Guangqi. After several years of development, the company has applied for more than 2,800 patents worldwide, accounting for 86% of the total number of patent applications in related fields. The company is also creating smart communities based on metamaterials, wireless interconnection, aerospace and other fields. Industrialization is at the forefront of the world, such as its world's first ultra-material micro-structure precision test line, equipment customization of up to 70%, can achieve process accuracy of up to 2 microns. They also designed a standardized process for the production of metamaterials.
Taking the electromagnetic over-material antenna designed by the company as an example, using a circuit board that can be folded into a notebook size and printed with "Jiangnan Water Country Landscape Painting", aircraft, trains, ships, and cars can connect satellite broadband in remote places beyond the reach of mobile networks. Go online. Regardless of where the satellite is in the sky, the antenna can be traced without having to stare at a satellite in one direction like a traditional dish antenna.
The commercial sales plan for similar products in the United States has only begun this year, and Guangqi has been installed and tested in 22 provinces in China three years ago. This is just one of the fierce competition between China and the United States in the core area of ​​metamaterials in recent years.
On the other hand, China has made great progress in the microstructure processing of metamaterials. Last year, the team of Professor Huang Xiaozhong of Central South University used a 3D printer to obtain a metaphysical metamaterial with a side length of 18 cm and 100,000 physical units, which can achieve zero in our future space stealth aircraft. Quick printing and replacement of parts.
In addition, in order to break the monopoly of European and American technology standards for metamaterials, last month, the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Products reviewed and approved the national standard "Electromagnetic Metamaterials Terminology". This means that China has taken the lead in formulating national standards in the field of metamaterials, which will play an important role in China's research and standard conversion of metamaterial technology.
Some research companies predict that the global market for metamaterials will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 41% between 2010 and 2020. It can be expected that with the continuous deepening of the global "Industry 4.0" process and the continuous expansion of the "smart +" application field, one hundred million scales that can drive such fields as high-speed trains, new ground-based traveling equipment, aerospace, defense technology, and ground intelligent robots. The supermaterials industry cluster is on the rise.
The use of metamaterials that harness electromagnetic waves to build the future of the world is becoming another focus of global technological innovation. It should be said that we have obvious advantages in this respect and are fully qualified to be the leader of this revolution.
Expert point of view -
The concept of “supermaterials†has slowly penetrated into many fields. This technology initially caused a sensation in the field of electromagnetism, and then went straight into the field, including thermodynamics, and recently began to scream in the field of mechanics.
- Professor Martin Wagner, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
The promotion of aerospace, defense and civil science and technology by metamaterials shows that new materials will become a very important entry point and direction in scientific research, which will have impacts and influences on many fields and generate new industries. The meaning is extremely far-reaching.
—— Duan Baoyan, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
The design ideas and methods of metamaterials are likely to become a powerful means to explore new functions of materials, lead new directions in the industry, improve the comprehensive performance of materials, and break through the bottleneck of scarce resources. It is necessary to further clarify the necessity of vigorously developing metamaterial technology at the national level, consolidate the development focus, select a reasonable technical route, and formulate a supermaterial technology development strategy that is in line with the development trend of metamaterial technology and is compatible with China's national conditions.
——Zhou Shaoxiong, deputy chief engineer of China Iron and Steel Technology Group Co., Ltd.
Abstract Perhaps the micro-robots and their aggregates invented by the protagonist in the popular "Super Marines" have made you wonder, maybe you were impressed with the invisible cloak in the novel "Harry Potter". Maybe you also have the camouflage master squid and chameleon in nature...
Perhaps the micro-robots and their aggregates invented by the heroes in the popular "Super Marines" have made you scream, maybe you have been impressed by the invisible cloak in the novel "Harry Potter", maybe You are also stunned by the natural disguise master squid and chameleon that can instantly change color...