The fundamental difference between it and the dye is that the dye can be dissolved in the dyeing medium used, while the pigment neither fills the medium in which it is used nor the substrate to be colored. Excess pigments and dyes are chemically identical in structure, and can be converted into each other by different methods of use, so that certain vat dyes and sulfurized vat dyes can be used as fiber dyes if they are reduced to leuco. If it is not reduced, it can be used as a pigment as an advanced ink. Organic Pigments are widely used in inks, paints, coatings, synthetic fiber coloring, as well as fabric printing, plastics and rubber, leather coloring, etc., in which the ink is used in the largest amount. At present, the volume of organic pigments accounts for about a quarter of the total volume of the dye.
Organic Dyes Jinan Huijinchuan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.hjcchemical.com
On January 6, the reporter interviewed Dr. Liu Zhongfan, a professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a professor of the School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Peking University, and Dr. Li Yichun, the secretary general of the China Graphene Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, and the "Founder of China's Graphene Industry". Professor Feng Guanping, who is known as the author, interprets and comments on this new research result. 
Graphene structure diagram
In this study, the University of Manchester research team used graphene membranes to filter out different hydrogen isotopes, helium and neon, which greatly simplified the production of heavy water and helped clean up nuclear waste, which is expected to be energy efficient and efficient. The ideal filter at an affordable price.
For hydrogen fusion, the isotope of hydrogen, æ°˜ (also known as heavy hydrogen), is an important energy source for thermonuclear reactions and is also widely used in analytical and chemical tracking technologies. Helium oxide, or heavy water, can be used as a moderator in uranium nuclear fission, thus requiring thousands of tons of heavy water in nuclear power plant operations. Helium is the heaviest isotope of hydrogen. Its atom contains one proton and two neutrons. It is radioactive and must be safely removed as a by-product of power generation in nuclear fission plants. The future development of nuclear technology will be based on the nuclear fusion of these two heavy isotopes.
Andre said in the paper that a film made of graphene can be used as a sieve to separate protons from the heavier nuclei of hydrogen isotope.
The researchers at Manda have tested the nucleus of bismuth, a film of boron nitride that can pass through graphene and its sister material. Although the current theory cannot predict the difference between the penetration of two isotopes, they fully expect that the nucleus can be easily passed.
The researchers were surprised to find that cockroaches can not only be effectively screened and separated by an atomic thick membrane, but the process is highly efficient. This finding makes single-layer graphene and boron nitride attractive for use as a separation membrane for a rich mixture of ruthenium and osmium.
Expected to be the ideal filter
At present, separation technology for producing heavy water requires considerable energy consumption, and there are some major problems in science and industry. The use of graphene is now expected to make this process more efficient.
According to the physicist organization network reported on January 5, the use of this graphene film may mean that the process of producing heavy water from nuclear power plants will reduce energy consumption by 10 times, and the process is more simplified and cheaper.
In addition, the researchers found that this separation is fully scalable. They used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene to create a centimeter-sized device that efficiently pumpes hydrogen from a mixture of helium and hydrogen.
Dr. Marcelo Losada Hidalgo, the first author of this paper and a postdoctoral fellow at Manda, said: "This is the first demonstration of a first membrane that distinguishes subatomic particles at room temperature. Now we find it to be fully scalable. Technology, I hope to find a practical application method soon."
The author of the paper, co-author Irina, said, “We were surprised to find that a membrane can be used to separate individual subatomic particles. It is very simple to set up this setup, and it is hoped that these filters will not only be seen in analytical and chemical tracer techniques. It can also help clean up radioactive cesium from nuclear waste."
How do Chinese industry experts comment?
After seeing the news from foreign media reports, experts and scholars in the Chinese graphene industry have been hotly debated and are very concerned. The Science and Technology Daily reporter conducted an interview on this.
In an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter, Academician Liu Zhongfan commented on the research results: "It is very creative! People already know that only protons can penetrate graphene, and now it is further discovered that only the lightest hydrogen isotope protons can pass through. This is A new discovery, and can be used in heavy water separation, will also be a more energy-efficient and concentrated method for the treatment of nuclear waste. Although it is only a demonstration work, there is great commercial potential in the future. However, the actual graphene And boron nitride is not so perfect, there are many structural defects, and larger things will pass through. This may be the future breakthrough in research."
Dr. Li Yichun pointed out that “I feel that this research is similar to the principle of graphene seawater desalination. Using the adsorption and filtration properties of graphene, the future will be a brand new application field.â€
Professor Feng Guanping, who was the founding dean of the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen and the honorary chairman of the Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, said, "The theoretical study can be done well, involving the use of graphene films for nuclear waste disposal. The process of re-watering the original production is greatly simplified. However, it is only the stage of the thesis, and it is still to be seen whether it will play a role in the future."
Summary about two months ago, the Nobel Laureate in Physics, University of Manchester professors Andre Geim in an interview with Science and Technology Daily reporter an exclusive interview revealed that in order to avoid the study of many people crowded together, he is looking at present Graphene research has not been involved...
About two months ago, Andrei Heim, a Nobel laureate in physics and a professor at the University of Manchester in the UK, said in an exclusive interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter that he is looking for current graphite in order to avoid crowding with many people’s research. New areas of olefin research have not yet been addressed. At the beginning of the new year, look at the papers published in the latest issue of Science, which is a new exploration of graphene applications by a research team led by Heim, led by Heim, about "graphene simplifies the production of heavy water and has A message to help clean up nuclear waste.