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If we take people to compare, China's urbanization stage is like the 17-year-old adolescence, then the short-lived construction problem is one of the growing troubles that must be paid attention to at this stage.
"Isn't this a great waste?"
According to local media reports in Tianjin, the developers of Shui'an Ginza Real Estate were suspected of being illegally investigated for investigation. Due to the failure of the company's capital chain to break construction, and the completed high-rise buildings have serious safety hazards, three unfinished super-high buildings (respectively About 137 meters, 188 meters and 208 meters) are ready to be dismantled. However, due to the special location of the waterfront Ginza, it cannot be removed by blasting. "At present, Tianjin and even the whole country do not have the experience of demolition of super high-rises of more than 200 meters. It can be said that the demolition is very difficult." Experts involved in the demolition plan told the media that the final demolition costs are currently not easy to estimate, depending on the actual operation. .
The big construction was demolished, and the netizen asked: "Is this not a great waste?"
According to China's General Principles for the Design of Civil Buildings, the durability of the main structures of important buildings and high-rise buildings is 100 years, and the average building is 50-100 years.
According to the “Research on Building Demolition Management Policy†released by the China Academy of Building Research in 2014, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, 4.6 billion square meters of buildings were demolished in China, of which 2 billion square meters were less than 40 years old when they were demolished. Based on this calculation, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the annual demolition of building area will reach 460 million square meters. Some media have roughly estimated that if the demolition cost per square meter is calculated at 1,000 yuan, it will cost 460 billion yuan to dismantle the building too early.
According to reports, the high-rise Xi'an Center Jinhua Office Building with a height of 118 meters and a total construction area of ​​37,290 square meters was installed with 1.4 tons of custom explosives and 12,000 detonators in the building. The building collapsed within 10 seconds. The building has never been put into use since it was capped in 1999. After the blast, “the dust that has been vacated has spread over a blockâ€, “the construction waste is more than 20 meters high, and there are two or three football fields.â€
According to the report of the “Research on Building Demolition Management Policyâ€, under the large-scale demolition and construction, China’s premature demolition every year will increase construction waste by about 400 million tons, accounting for 40% of the total annual garbage production in China, and an increase of about 10 per year in China. % carbon emissions.
Why is building short-lived?
Since the premature demolition of the building will cause "great waste", why not remove it?
The popular discussion of short-lived buildings by the public led to the thinking of Shi Nan, secretary-general of the China Urban Planning Association. He believes that short-lived buildings cannot be criticized as a kind of label, but must be analyzed. The situation that the original construction cannot be dismantled to meet the urban development needs cannot be negated. Instead, the function of the building and the actual needs should be considered together. It is not possible to judge whether a building is long-lived or short-lived with simple values. According to reports, the previous Tianqiao, which was built in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, costing 8.54 million yuan and was used for more than five years, was dismantled as a whole. It was explained that it was to make way for optimizing the track line project.
He Nan believes that the problem of building demolition should be seen under the entire urbanization framework, and face the growing troubles encountered in the development of urbanization. “Compared to the more stable urban development in Europe, there may not be much change there 10 years ago, but we are still in the puberty and growth stage of the child’s 17-year-old, and everything changes very fast. Buildings face rapid renewal.†However, the short-lived phenomenon of decision-making mistakes should be criticized.
The China Academy of Building Research conducted a survey of 54 prematurely demolished buildings that were publicly reported from 2001 to 2010. The results show that in the case of demolition caused by engineering quality problems and planning violations, the unreasonable dismantling accounts for 90%, while in the unreasonable dismantling, the functions are lagging behind, there are commercial interests and image achievements. Serious and irrational dismantling cases accounted for 55%.
Quality issues are the most obvious cause of early construction. Zhang Xianfeng, chief engineer and senior planner of Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Planning and Design Institute, said that the cause of construction quality problems is nothing more than irresponsible developers or builders in order to save costs, cut corners or lack scientific exploration of engineering geological conditions. The engineering measures taken are not in place.
As for the early construction of the building caused by the planning problem, Zhang Xianfeng and Dai Jianzhi, a professor of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University and a nationally recognized registered planner, believe that sometimes there is no problem in planning, but there will be some developers without permission during the specific construction. Renovation, illegal construction.
But more often than not, some local governments have frequently changed urban planning driven by interest, resulting in a large number of short-lived buildings.
As early as the two sessions of the National Conference in 2011, the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society submitted a proposal recommending effective measures to strengthen the management of “short-lived projectsâ€. The proposal pointed out that "interest drive is the root cause of the short-lived project". On the one hand, land prices have risen rapidly, and land revenues account for a large proportion of local fiscal revenues. Under the temptation of strong interests, some local governments are more determined to “pain the new buildingâ€; on the other hand, some officials pursue Personal interests, big image projects, under the guidance of this concept of political achievements, the demolition of old construction, new construction and new construction abound, the lack of scientific and serious urban construction planning is the direct cause of the "short-lived project."
Zhang Xianfeng explained that under the driving of land finance, some local governments will use the method of “cage for birds†to sell old buildings and new buildings. The most familiar approach is to sell the old office buildings, schools and other land and houses that cannot produce GDP in the city center, and move to the new district. It not only realizes the intention of stimulating the new district, enhancing the image of the government, but also increases the income from land sales. The transformation of the old city by commercial operations can be described as one thing. Due to the central location of the original building, in order to obtain high returns, developers generally adopt the practice of demolition and new construction and improvement of building capacity.
In the opinion of some experts, for a period of time, urban construction has been greatly improved. Many places are famous for “improving the investment environment†and “changing the face of the cityâ€. The essence is to blindly engage in the big square and big in spite of the city’s own strength and needs. Roads, large green spaces, super high-rise buildings, large-scale sports culture exhibition buildings, buried the hidden dangers of short-lived buildings.
Inventory management does not require clear laws
If short-lived buildings are regarded as the troubles of China's urbanization, is there any way to change the status quo of this waste?
The Central City Work Conference held in Beijing from December 20 to 21 last year talked about this issue. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to intensive development, frame total amount, limit capacity, revitalize stocks, make superior increments, improve quality, base on national conditions, respect nature, adapt to nature, protect nature, improve urban ecological environment, and work hard to make overall efforts. Seek breakthroughs and focus on improving the sustainability and livability of urban development.
The statement of revitalizing stock has attracted the attention of many experts.
Fu Chonglan, dean of the Contemporary Urban and Rural Development Planning Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out: "Management stocks are the first to be proposed. For existing buildings, we must seriously consider the overall conservation of resources. Buildings can be repaired and optimized, and cannot be dismantled for political achievements. The current law in this area is not clear enough."
In Shi Nan’s view, the investor or the leader should not intervene too much in decision-making, obey the plan, follow the corresponding administrative licensing procedures, and the experts participate in the review, etc., and cannot attempt to bypass the legal provisions.
Considering the intensive development approach, He Nan also proposed that the mentality of policy makers and the public should be adjusted. China's economy has entered a new normal, and it is absolutely impossible to expand its scale, consume resources, and develop its vision in the same way as in the past.
In Zhang Xianfeng's view, if the problem of urban fiscal revenue sources cannot be fundamentally changed, the phenomenon of “short-lived construction†is difficult to change completely in a short time. Local governments need to adjust from the ruling ideas, methods, and assessment mechanisms to eliminate the pursuit of image projects.
"Imagine if the building in a certain place today is a personal property, would it be easily removed?" Dai Shenzhi believes that there are problems with the protection attitude and cognitive value of public property. For example, in the aspect of pipeline transformation, the investment channels of different departments are different, and all parties invest only in themselves, so they form a “road zipper†on the road construction. In response to this problem, the State Council has proposed to engage in urban underground pipe corridors, which is convenient for management and construction. It also improves the safety of the pipeline. It can be seen from this that public construction must form a complete system. "The government must use its brains to form an effective construction, investment and management system."
Abstract The demolition plan of the unfinished Tianjin Shuiguan Ginza super high commercial building exposed on December 9 last year has refreshed the “China First Demolitionâ€. And pushed forward for another month, the 118-meter-high Global Xi'an Center Golden Flower Office has never been put into use...
The demolition plan of the unfinished Tianjin Shuiguan Ginza super high commercial building exposed on December 9 last year refreshed the "China's first demolition." After pushing for another month, the 118-meter-high Universal Xi'an Center Jinhua Office Building, which was never put into use, was demolished and demolished. It was called "China's first explosion." For a time, the short-lived construction topic became the focus of attention.